Wei Shuhua, Zhai Zizhao, Kong Xi, Wu Chuanbin, Zhu Bing, Zhao Ziyu, Zhang Xuejuan
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
Respirent Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Chongqing 40070, PR China.
Int J Pharm. 2025 May 15;676:125584. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125584. Epub 2025 Apr 9.
Nasal drug administration constitutes an efficient and non-invasive modality of drug delivery, and its distinctive physiological structure offers potentialities for treating a variety of diseases. To elevate the drug absorption and delivery efficiency, it is of paramount importance to delineate the transport routes and their enhancement mechanisms. Nevertheless, drug absorption pathways vary depending on the disease target, these variations present opportunities for targeted delivery and challenges for achieving precision. Hence, this review outlines the anatomical structure of the nasal cavity, and subsequently elaborates on the drug transport pathways within the nasal cavity and their influencing factors. Based on the distinct sites of drug action, diseases suitable for nasal drug administration are categorized into three types: systemic diseases, local nasal diseases, and central nervous system diseases. Grounded on multiple transport routes and their influencing factors, this review proposes strategies like optimizing formulation viscosity, using penetration enhancers, adding mucosal adhesives and improving delivery device, offering insights into future advancements in nasal drug delivery systems.
鼻腔给药是一种高效且无创的给药方式，其独特的生理结构为治疗多种疾病提供了潜力。为提高药物吸收和递送效率，明确转运途径及其增强机制至关重要。然而，药物吸收途径因疾病靶点而异，这些差异既为靶向递送带来了机遇，也给实现精准给药带来了挑战。因此，本综述概述了鼻腔的解剖结构，随后阐述了鼻腔内的药物转运途径及其影响因素。基于药物作用的不同部位，适合鼻腔给药的疾病分为三类：全身性疾病、局部鼻腔疾病和中枢神经系统疾病。基于多种转运途径及其影响因素，本综述提出了优化制剂粘度、使用渗透促进剂、添加粘膜粘附剂和改进给药装置等策略，为鼻腔给药系统的未来发展提供了见解。
