Ruiz-Navarro JesúsJ, Born Dennis-Peter, Febles-Castro Adrián, Gay Ana, López-Belmonte Óscar, Morales-Ortíz Esther, López-Contreras Gracia, Arellano Raúl
Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Swiss Development Hub for Strength and Conditioning in Swimming, Swiss Swimming Federation, Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Sports Med. 2025 Apr 11. doi: 10.1055/a-2559-6956.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the load-velocity profile and sprint swimming performance and kinematics, explore the inter-relationships of the load-velocity profile variables and blood lactate concentrations [La] and dry-land strength (pull-ups), and examine sex-based differences. Twenty-seven swimmers (15 males: 19.2±3.7 y; 50 m front-crawl 550±70 World Aquatics points; 12 females: 17.7±2.4 y; 50 m front-crawl 552±63 World Aquatics points) underwent a 50 m front-crawl all-out swim test, a load-velocity profile test, and a pull-up test. Theoretical maximum velocity was associated with sprint swimming performance (>0.863 and <0.001), but not the theoretical maximum load ( ) or the slope (>0.05) for both sexes. An association between kinematics during the load-velocity profile test and free swimming was weakened as the load increased, with the correlation coefficient () decreasing from 0.929 to 0.403. Theoretical maximum velocity and theoretical maximum load were primarily associated with both sexes with the first (>0.950 and <0.001) and last (>0.849 and <0.001) semi-tethered trials, respectively. Only in females [La] was associated with the theoretical maximum load and slope (>0.573 and <0.05). Males exhibited greater values than females in all the assessed variables (<0.05) except for stroke rates and [La]. The load-velocity profile is a valuable tool for assessing performance in both sexes. Kinematic parameters were related between semi-tethered and free swimming; however, association diminished with increasing load.
本研究旨在探讨负荷 - 速度曲线与短距离游泳成绩及运动学之间的关系，探究负荷 - 速度曲线变量与血乳酸浓度[La]及陆上力量（引体向上）之间的相互关系，并检验性别差异。27名游泳运动员（15名男性：年龄19.2±3.7岁；50米自由泳成绩550±70世界泳联积分；12名女性：年龄17.7±2.4岁；50米自由泳成绩552±63世界泳联积分）进行了一次50米自由泳全力测试、一次负荷 - 速度曲线测试和一次引体向上测试。理论最大速度与短距离游泳成绩相关（>0.863且<0.001），但理论最大负荷（ ）和斜率（>0.05）在两性中均不相关。随着负荷增加，负荷 - 速度曲线测试期间的运动学与自由泳之间的关联减弱，相关系数（ ）从0.929降至0.403。理论最大速度和理论最大负荷在两性中分别主要与第一次（>0.950且<0.001）和最后一次（>0.849且<0.001）半束缚试验相关。仅在女性中，[La]与理论最大负荷和斜率相关（>0.573且<0.05）。除划水频率和[La]外，男性在所有评估变量中的值均高于女性（<0.05）。负荷 - 速度曲线是评估两性运动表现的有价值工具。半束缚和自由泳之间的运动学参数相关；然而，随着负荷增加，关联减弱。
