Qaderi Mirwais M, Evans Cameryn C, Spicer Madeleine D
Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Mar 25;14(7):1025. doi: 10.3390/plants14071025.
Of all the essential macronutrients necessary for plant growth and development, nitrogen is required in the greatest amounts. Nitrogen is a key component of important biomolecules like proteins and has high nutritive importance for humans and other animals. Climate change factors, such as increasing levels of carbon dioxide, increasing temperatures, and increasing watering regime, directly or indirectly influence plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation dynamics. The impacts of these stressors can directly threaten our primary source of nitrogen as obtained from the soil by plants. In this review, we discuss how climate change factors can influence nitrogen uptake and assimilation in cultivated plants. We examine the effects of these factors alone and in combination with species of both C and C plants. Elevated carbon dioxide, e[CO], causes the dilution of nitrogen in tissues of non-leguminous C and C plants but can increase nitrogen in legumes. The impact of high-temperature (HT) stress varies depending on whether a species is leguminous or not. Water stress (WS) tends to result in a decrease in nitrogen assimilation. Under some, though not all, conditions, e[CO] can have a buffering effect against the detrimental impacts of other climate change stressors, having an ameliorating effect on the adverse impacts of HT or WS. Together, HT and WS are seen to cause significant reductions in biomass production and nitrogen uptake in non-leguminous C and C crops. With a steadily rising population and rapidly changing climate, consideration must be given to the morphological and physiological effects that climate change will have on future crop health and nutritional quality of N.
在植物生长和发育所需的所有必需常量营养素中，氮的需求量最大。氮是蛋白质等重要生物分子的关键组成部分，对人类和其他动物具有很高的营养重要性。气候变化因素，如二氧化碳水平升高、气温升高和浇水制度变化，直接或间接影响植物对氮的吸收和同化动态。这些压力源的影响会直接威胁到我们从植物从土壤中获取的主要氮源。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了气候变化因素如何影响栽培植物对氮的吸收和同化。我们研究了这些因素单独以及与C3和C4植物物种组合时的影响。二氧化碳浓度升高，即e[CO₂]，会导致非豆科C3和C4植物组织中的氮稀释，但会增加豆科植物中的氮含量。高温（HT）胁迫的影响因物种是否为豆科植物而异。水分胁迫（WS）往往会导致氮同化减少。在某些（但不是所有）条件下，e[CO₂]可以对其他气候变化压力源的有害影响起到缓冲作用，对高温或水分胁迫的不利影响具有改善作用。高温和水分胁迫共同作用，会导致非豆科C3和C4作物的生物量生产和氮吸收显著减少。随着人口稳步增长和气候迅速变化，必须考虑气候变化对未来作物健康和氮营养品质的形态和生理影响。
