Li Shiyue, Liu Jing, An Xinyi, Tang Caiming, Tang Caijun, Zhang Boxuan, Chen Chongtai, Lin Tian, Jones Kevin C, Zhao Zhen
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; ANPEL-TRACE Standard Technical Services (Shanghai) CO., LTD., Yehe Road 59, Shanghai, 201609, China.
Environ Int. 2025 Apr;198:109444. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109444. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
Fluorine-related industrial discharges are the main source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in surrounding surface waters, but the long-term environmental impacts of their residual PFAS and the interactions between PFAS and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in field waters have rarely been discussed. In this study, the concentrations of 32 target PFAS were quantified, 50 PFAS were identified and semi-quantified by suspect and nontarget screening, and the molecular characteristics of DOM were analyzed in the surface water of Shanghai. Concentrations of ∑PFAS were 284 ∼ 3018 ng/L. Perfluorobutane sulfonate acid (PFBS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) remained the predominant compounds at most sampling sites, but hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) exhibited extremely high values at a few specific sites. Near a historical fluorotelomer manufacturer which was closed in 2017, ∑PFAS concentration was still at a high-level of 1800 ng/L. Thirteen nontarget and suspect PFAS including 7 iodinated perfluoroalkyl acids (IPFAAs) were identified in 100 % samples. A total of 8134 DOM molecular formulas were identified. For elemental composition, CHOS (24 %) has the highest percentage, while for molecular species, lignin (36 %) has the highest proportion of molecules. When the assignment of fluorine was included in the elemental analysis, the percentage of fluorine-containing substances reached to 55 %, suggesting the anthropogenic influences. Emerging PFAS, i.e., perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) were negatively related to DOM concentration (p < 0.05) due to microorganism activities. This study revealed the persistent impact of fluorine-related industries and the environmental behavior of PFAS and DOM in aquatic environments, providing support for the systematic and comprehensive evaluation of surface water health.
氟相关工业排放是周边地表水全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）污染的主要来源，但关于其残留PFAS的长期环境影响以及PFAS与野外水体中溶解有机物（DOM）之间的相互作用鲜有讨论。本研究对上海地表水32种目标PFAS的浓度进行了定量分析，通过可疑物和非目标筛查鉴定并半定量了50种PFAS，同时分析了DOM的分子特征。∑PFAS浓度为284～3018 ng/L。全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）在大多数采样点仍是主要化合物，但六氟环氧丙烷三聚体酸（HFPO-TA）在一些特定点位呈现极高值。在一家2017年关闭的历史悠久的氟调聚物制造商附近，∑PFAS浓度仍高达1800 ng/L。在100%的样品中鉴定出13种非目标和可疑PFAS，包括7种碘化全氟烷基酸（IPFAAs）。共鉴定出8134个DOM分子式。就元素组成而言，CHOS（24%）占比最高，而就分子种类而言，木质素（36%）的分子比例最高。当在元素分析中纳入氟的归属时，含氟物质的比例达到55%，表明受到了人为影响。新兴PFAS，即全氟戊酸（PFPeA）和六氟环氧丙烷二聚体酸（HFPO-DA），由于微生物活动与DOM浓度呈负相关（p<0.05）。本研究揭示了氟相关行业的持续影响以及PFAS和DOM在水生环境中的环境行为，为地表水健康状况的系统全面评估提供了支持。
