Forszt Dominika, Gerreth Karolina, Karpienko Kamila, Zalewska Anna, Hojan Katarzyna, Marchewka Renata, Bielas Marzena, Maciejczyk Mateusz
Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Students Scientific Club "Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases" at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 12;15(1):12676. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97974-5.
Stroke is a serious health problem that affects an increasing number of people. As a result of the blockage of blood flow, tissue necrosis occurs in areas of the brain supplied by the damaged vessel, and leads to the development of inflammation. Changes that occur in the brain allow molecules to enter the blood, and it has been suggested that some can also penetrate the saliva. This study is the first to assess the profile of 25 chemokines and growth factors in the saliva of stroke survivors compared to a control group. 22 stroke survivors and 22 individuals matched by age and gender were enrolled in the study. Salivary chemokines and growth factors were assessed using the multiplex ELISA method. In the unstimulated saliva of stroke patients, we demonstrated significantly higher levels of chemotactic factors (CTACK/CCL27, IL-8/CXCL8, MIG/CXCL9, MIF) and growth factors (basic FGF, G-CSF, HGF, LIF, VEGF) compared to controls. The levels of MCP-3/CCL7, eotaxin/CCL11, IP-10/CXCL10, IL-3/MCGF, and PDGF-BB were lower in the saliva of the study group. The concentration of basic FGF negatively correlated with cognitive function as measured by the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) scale (p = 0.007 r = - 0.56), while salivary IL-3 and LIF levels positively correlated with scores on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scale (p = 0.019 r = 0.53; p = 0.033 r = 0.47, respectively). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that salivary basic FGF, HGF, IL-3 and LIF can distinguish ischemic stroke patients from the control group with high sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, disruptions in chemokine and growth factor levels in saliva may suggest an inflammatory etiology of ischemic stroke. Salivary basic FGF, HGF, IL-3 and LIF could serve as potential biomarkers for stroke. Further research is needed to illuminate the differences in salivary inflammatory mediator profiles in stroke and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of chemokines and growth factors in clinical practice.
中风是一个严重的健康问题，影响着越来越多的人。由于血流受阻，受损血管所供应的脑区会发生组织坏死，并引发炎症。大脑中发生的变化使分子进入血液，有人认为有些分子也能穿透唾液。本研究首次评估了中风幸存者唾液中25种趋化因子和生长因子的情况，并与对照组进行比较。22名中风幸存者和22名年龄及性别匹配的个体参与了该研究。使用多重酶联免疫吸附测定法评估唾液趋化因子和生长因子。与对照组相比，我们发现中风患者未刺激唾液中的趋化因子（CTACK/CCL27、IL-8/CXCL8、MIG/CXCL9、MIF）和生长因子（碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子、肝细胞生长因子、白血病抑制因子、血管内皮生长因子）水平显著更高。研究组唾液中MCP-3/CCL7、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子/CCL11、IP-10/CXCL10、IL-3/肥大细胞生长因子和血小板衍生生长因子BB的水平较低。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的浓度与用Addenbrooke认知检查（ACE）量表测量的认知功能呈负相关（p = 0.007，r = -0.56），而唾液IL-3和白血病抑制因子水平与功能独立性测量（FIM）量表得分呈正相关（分别为p = 0.019，r = 0.53；p = 0.033，r = 0.47）。受试者工作特征（ROC）分析表明，唾液碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、IL-3和白血病抑制因子能够以高灵敏度和特异性区分缺血性中风患者与对照组。总之，唾液中趋化因子和生长因子水平的紊乱可能提示缺血性中风的炎症病因。唾液碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、IL-3和白血病抑制因子可作为中风的潜在生物标志物。需要进一步研究以阐明中风患者唾液炎症介质谱的差异，并评估趋化因子和生长因子在临床实践中的诊断效用。
