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女性身份与母亲身份紧密相连:土耳其的无子女选择

Womanhood bound to motherhood: Choosing childlessness in Türkiye.

作者信息

Aracı İyiaydın Ayşegül, Ergun Ayça

机构信息

Psychological Counseling and Guidance Program, TED University, Ankara, Türkiye.

Department of Sociology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye.

出版信息

BMC Psychol. 2025 Apr 12;13(1):374. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02661-9.

Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the subjective experiences of voluntarily childless Turkish women, and based on the data collected through in-depth interviews where [a] what it means for them to be a childless woman, [b] what the motivations behind choosing a childless life are, and [c] how they negotiate their childless identity in a pronatalist society are explored. A total of 18 women were interviewed, and three meta-themes [negotiating identity and agency in a pronatalist society, the emotional landscape of childlessness, pathways and motivations for remaining childless] were generated through main themes and subthemes based on the data. All participating women reported some degree of emotional and social distress arising from the stigma they feel within their environmental contexts. Many of them tapped into the "felt outsiderness" among people following traditional gender roles ascribed by Turkish society. All of them felt comfortable with their decision to choose and remain childless despite some difficulties it might bring as a result of living in a society that equates womanhood with motherhood. They presented a variety of individual, familial, and social factors that impact their choice of pursuing a childless life. The article argues that the decision to remain childless is not merely a personal preference but a complex, multi-layered process shaped by sociocultural expectations, gender norms, and individual agency. It highlights how voluntarily childless women actively negotiate their identities within a pronatalist society, challenge traditional narratives surrounding womanhood, and construct meaningful lives that do not conform to dominant reproductive expectations.

摘要

本文旨在评估自愿选择不生育的土耳其女性的主观体验,并基于通过深入访谈收集的数据,探讨了以下内容:[a] 对她们来说成为一名无子女女性意味着什么;[b] 选择无子女生活背后的动机是什么;[c] 她们如何在一个推崇生育的社会中协商自己的无子女身份。总共采访了18名女性,并根据数据中的主题和子主题生成了三个元主题(在推崇生育的社会中协商身份和能动性、无子女的情感状况、保持无子女状态的途径和动机)。所有参与访谈的女性都表示,她们在所处环境中感受到的污名给她们带来了一定程度的情感和社会困扰。她们中的许多人都体验到了在遵循土耳其社会赋予的传统性别角色的人群中那种 “局外人” 的感觉。尽管生活在一个将女性身份等同于母亲身份的社会中,选择并保持无子女状态可能会带来一些困难,但她们所有人都对自己的这一决定感到坦然。她们阐述了影响自己选择无子女生活的各种个人、家庭和社会因素。文章认为,选择保持无子女状态不仅仅是个人偏好,而是一个由社会文化期望、性别规范和个人能动性塑造的复杂、多层次的过程。它突出了自愿选择不生育的女性如何在推崇生育的社会中积极协商自己的身份,挑战围绕女性身份的传统叙事,并构建不符合主流生育期望的有意义的生活。

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