Tilton-Weaver Lauree, Schwartz-Mette Rebecca
Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2025 Apr 13. doi: 10.1007/s10964-025-02183-y.
As risk for both non-suicidal self-injury and depression increases at adolescence, it is critically important to clarify equivocal findings regarding the temporal ordering of these health concerns. Addressing the limitations of past research, which included the use of only two data waves and analyses that do not account for within-person variance, the aim in this study was to examine the temporal ordering of non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Two independent samples were examined. One sample (first used by Marshall et al., 2013) consisted of 799 Swedish adolescents (11 to 15 years, M = 13.18, SD = 0.74; 51% girls). The second sample was a later cohort of adolescents from the same area (N = 2760; aged 12 to 18 years, M = 13.75, SD = 0.74; 49% girls). Analyses were two-part cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) to account for the semi-continuous distribution of NSSI and to determine if traditional lagged models were adequate for estimating within-person temporal ties. The results suggest that traditional CLPMs had inadequate fits to data. RI-CLPMs showed significant within-person, transactional associations between depressive symptoms and NSSI. Specifically, NSSI at a mean age around 13 years was associated with increases in depressive symptoms one year later, which were in turn associated with increases in NSSI when the average age was about 15 years old. Subsequently, lags suggested the potential for maintenance of comorbid distress. These results suggest that efforts to reduce depression and NSSI during adolescence need to begin in early adolescence, with a focus on adaptive responses to distressing emotional experiences.
由于非自杀性自伤和抑郁的风险在青春期都会增加，因此澄清这些健康问题在时间顺序上的模糊发现至关重要。本研究旨在解决以往研究的局限性，以往研究仅使用了两个数据波次，且分析未考虑个体内部差异。本研究旨在探讨青春期非自杀性自伤和抑郁症状的时间顺序。研究考察了两个独立样本。一个样本（最初由马歇尔等人于2013年使用）由799名瑞典青少年组成（年龄在11至15岁之间，M = 13.18，标准差 = 0.74；51%为女孩）。第二个样本是来自同一地区的较晚一批青少年（N = 2760；年龄在12至18岁之间，M = 13.75，标准差 = 0.74；49%为女孩）。分析采用两部分交叉滞后面板模型（CLPMs）和随机截距交叉滞后面板模型（RI-CLPMs），以考虑非自杀性自伤的半连续分布，并确定传统滞后模型是否足以估计个体内部的时间关系。结果表明，传统CLPMs对数据的拟合不足。RI-CLPMs显示出抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤之间存在显著的个体内部交互关联。具体而言，平均年龄约13岁时的非自杀性自伤与一年后的抑郁症状增加有关，而当平均年龄约15岁时，抑郁症状的增加又与非自杀性自伤的增加有关。随后，滞后效应表明存在共病困扰维持的可能性。这些结果表明，在青春期减少抑郁和非自杀性自伤的努力需要在青春期早期就开始，重点是对痛苦情绪体验的适应性反应。
