Arteta Ariel A, Santiago-Pacheco Vanessa, Villada Juan C
Department of Pathology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigaciones en Patología Universidad de Antioquia (GRIP-UdeA), Medellín, Colombia.
Mediastinum. 2025 Feb 13;9:1. doi: 10.21037/med-24-25. eCollection 2025.
Mediastinal tumors are a heterogenous group of unrelated neoplasms that share the mediastinal anatomical location. There are no local publications regarding mediastinal masses, as such the clinical and pathological characteristics of this group of tumors in our population has been overlooked. The study aims to describe the mediastinal masses clinicopathological spectrum in children and adults.
With the objective to compare the clinicopathological spectrum of mediastinal tumors among children and adults we retrospectively review the medical charts and pathology reports of 110 patients with primary mediastinal masses between 2010 and 2022 at Hospital San Vicente Fundación and University of Antioquia pathology laboratory (Medellín, Colombia).
We found statistically significant differences, regarding tumor location, tumor type, histological type and presenting complaint. The anterior mediastinal compartment was the most frequent location considering all tumors, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.042) favoring the adult group. A significant difference was also present in adults' anterior compartment for malignant tumors (P=0.02), which can be explained in both situations by the exclusive incidence of thymic tumors in the adult's anterior compartment. In contrast, malignant tumors show statistically significant differences (P=0.001) in the posterior compartment of the child group, associated with the high incidence of neurogenic tumors in this group (P=0.001), specifically neuroblastoma (P=0.002). Fever in the child group (P=0.02), was the most statistically significant presenting complaint related exclusively with lymphoid tumors.
mediastinal mass epidemiological data vary according to populations; thus it is of utmost importance to acknowledge local patients' characteristics in order to narrow the clinical and pathological differential diagnosis.
纵隔肿瘤是一组位于纵隔解剖位置的异质性无关肿瘤。目前尚无关于纵隔肿块的本地出版物，因此该组肿瘤在我国人群中的临床和病理特征被忽视。本研究旨在描述儿童和成人纵隔肿块的临床病理谱。
为了比较儿童和成人纵隔肿瘤的临床病理谱，我们回顾性分析了2010年至2022年期间在圣维森特基金会医院和安蒂奥基亚大学病理实验室（哥伦比亚麦德林）的110例原发性纵隔肿块患者的病历和病理报告。
我们发现，在肿瘤位置、肿瘤类型、组织学类型和主诉方面存在统计学显著差异。考虑所有肿瘤，前纵隔是最常见的部位，成人组具有统计学显著差异（P=0.042）。成人前纵隔恶性肿瘤也存在显著差异（P=0.02），这两种情况都可以通过成人前纵隔中胸腺肿瘤的独特发病率来解释。相比之下，儿童组后纵隔恶性肿瘤有统计学显著差异（P=0.001），这与该组神经源性肿瘤的高发病率相关（P=0.001），特别是神经母细胞瘤（P=0.002）。儿童组的发热（P=0.02）是与淋巴瘤唯一相关的最具统计学意义的主诉。
纵隔肿块的流行病学数据因人群而异；因此，了解当地患者的特征对于缩小临床和病理鉴别诊断范围至关重要。
