de la Fuente Elena, Morgado Oscar, de la Gala Francisco, Vara Elena, Zuluaga Pilar, Reyes Almudena, Simón Carlos M, Hortal Javier, Piñeiro Patricia, Garutti Ignacio
Anesthesiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Mar 30;17(7):1159. doi: 10.3390/cancers17071159.
Inflammation plays a crucial role in lung cancer recurrence after surgery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lung cancer recurrence and perioperative inflammatory status, assessed in both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing clinical variables, blood cytokine levels, and BAL fluid from lung cancer patients who underwent surgery. Logistic regression models were employed to predict recurrence. Among 93 patients, 41.9% experienced recurrence within ten years. The logistic regression model identified vital status, tumor stage, and type of surgery as significant predictors of recurrence. Postoperatively, pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated, particularly in patients who experienced recurrence. Higher levels of TNF-α in BAL fluid and increased IL-6 in blood correlated with recurrence. Additionally, metalloproteinases in BAL fluid exhibited distinct associations: MMP-2 was identified as a risk factor, whereas MMP-9 appeared to have a protective role. A multivariate model integrating clinical variables and inflammatory biomarkers significantly improved predictive accuracy ( < 0.0001). Combining inflammatory biomarkers with clinical variables enhances the prediction of lung cancer recurrence after surgery. Understanding the dynamics of these biomarkers may facilitate early detection and enable more personalized treatment strategies.
炎症在肺癌术后复发中起着关键作用。本研究旨在探讨肺癌复发与围手术期炎症状态之间的关系，炎症状态通过血液和支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）液进行评估。我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究，分析了接受手术的肺癌患者的临床变量、血液细胞因子水平和BAL液。采用逻辑回归模型预测复发情况。在93例患者中，41.9%在十年内出现复发。逻辑回归模型确定生命状态、肿瘤分期和手术类型是复发的重要预测因素。术后，促炎细胞因子升高，尤其是在复发患者中。BAL液中较高水平的TNF-α和血液中IL-6的增加与复发相关。此外，BAL液中的金属蛋白酶表现出不同的关联：MMP-2被确定为危险因素，而MMP-9似乎具有保护作用。整合临床变量和炎症生物标志物的多变量模型显著提高了预测准确性（<0.0001）。将炎症生物标志物与临床变量相结合可增强对肺癌术后复发的预测。了解这些生物标志物的动态变化可能有助于早期检测，并制定更个性化的治疗策略。
