Lindahl L
Int J Oral Surg. 1977 Feb;6(1):12-21. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9785(77)80067-7.
In 123 individuals, 138 fractures of the mandibular condyle were classified with respect to fracture level, dislocation at the fracture level, and condylar head relation to the articular fossa. The age of the patient and the location of the most distal occlusal contact were recorded as well as teeth injuries and concomitant fractures of the mandibular body. The position of the most distal occlusal contact did not influence the dislocation of the condylar fragment. Teeth injuries such as fractures and luxation were found to be associated with condylar head or neck fractures, whereas the concomitant fractures of the mandibular body were mostly seen with the subcondylar fractures. Teeth injuries as well as concomitant fractures of the mandibular body were found more frequently in patients with bilateral than unilateral condylar fractures. Fractures of teeth in the molar and bicuspid regions were most frequent on the condylar fracture side, while the concomitant fractures of the mandibular body were located to the contralateral side. Medial angulation of the condylar fragment with lateral override at the fracture level was the typical fracture in adults, and angulation without override the characteristic fracture in growing individuals. Medical override occurred both in children and in adults and seemed to be the result of more severe trauma to the chin.
对123例患者的138处下颌骨髁突骨折，按照骨折水平、骨折处的移位情况以及髁突头部与关节窝的关系进行分类。记录患者年龄、最远端咬合接触的位置、牙齿损伤情况以及下颌体的并发骨折情况。最远端咬合接触的位置并不影响髁突骨折块的移位。发现牙齿骨折和松动等牙齿损伤与髁突头部或颈部骨折有关，而下颌体的并发骨折多见于髁突下骨折。双侧髁突骨折患者比单侧髁突骨折患者更常出现牙齿损伤以及下颌体的并发骨折。磨牙区和双尖牙区的牙齿骨折在髁突骨折侧最为常见，而下颌体的并发骨折则位于对侧。髁突骨折块向内侧成角且在骨折处有外侧重叠是成人的典型骨折，而成角但无重叠是生长发育期个体的特征性骨折。内侧重叠在儿童和成人中均有发生，似乎是颏部受到更严重创伤的结果。
