Contreras-Serrano Marta, Lindsby Neel, Rinnan Riikka, Duegaard Emma C N, Rosenqvist Eva, Chen Shouzhi, Fu Yongshuo H, Tang Jing
Department of Biology, Center for Volatile Interactions (VOLT), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
Glob Chang Biol. 2025 Apr;31(4):e70187. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70187.
Persistent warming and higher frequency of heat waves in the Arctic are causing alterations in Arctic vegetation and plant functionality, potentially redefining the role of the Arctic ecosystem. Vegetation influences atmospheric composition through exchanges of CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both processes exhibiting a strong response to temperature variations. However, our quantitative understanding of how increased temperatures interact with extreme weather events, namely heat waves and drought, to affect Arctic plant processes remains limited. Here, we measure phenology, photosynthesis, leaf fluorescence and VOC emissions from three widely distributed Arctic shrubs, Betula nana, Empetrum hermaphroditum and Salix spp., in response to future climate. We use state-of-the-art climate chambers to test the effects of warmer growth temperatures on Arctic shrub responses to heat waves and drought. Our results show that increased growth temperatures advance leaf unfolding by 24 days in B. nana and 17 days in E. hermaphroditum, and increase VOC emissions across species. For B. nana, photosynthesis decreased by 42% during the heat wave and by 72% during drought. In contrast, Salix spp. and E. hermaphroditum experienced decreased photosynthesis only during drought, by 62% and 71%, respectively. The VOC emissions during the heat wave shifted toward a less diverse compound profile: acetaldehyde emissions increased for both control and warmed plants in all species, and isoprene emissions increased in Salix spp. Additionally, plants grown at higher temperatures exhibited a twofold increase in emissions compared to control plants during the heat wave, suggesting a higher temperature sensitivity of emissions. Our study indicates that warming and increasingly frequent extreme weather events will significantly impact Arctic plant phenology, photosynthesis and the diversity and rates of VOCs emitted into the atmosphere, contributing to modifying the regional climate.
北极地区持续变暖以及热浪发生频率增加，正在导致北极植被和植物功能发生变化，这可能会重新定义北极生态系统的作用。植被通过二氧化碳（CO）和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的交换影响大气成分，这两个过程对温度变化均表现出强烈响应。然而，我们对于温度升高如何与极端天气事件（即热浪和干旱）相互作用以影响北极植物过程的定量理解仍然有限。在此，我们测量了三种广泛分布的北极灌木——矮桦（Betula nana）、雌雄异株岩高兰（Empetrum hermaphroditum）和柳属植物（Salix spp.）的物候、光合作用、叶片荧光和挥发性有机化合物排放，以研究其对未来气候的响应。我们使用最先进的气候箱来测试生长温度升高对北极灌木对热浪和干旱响应的影响。我们的结果表明，生长温度升高使矮桦的叶片展开提前了24天，使雌雄异株岩高兰提前了17天，并增加了所有物种的挥发性有机化合物排放。对于矮桦，在热浪期间光合作用下降了42%，在干旱期间下降了72%。相比之下，柳属植物和雌雄异株岩高兰仅在干旱期间光合作用下降，分别下降了62%和71%。热浪期间挥发性有机化合物排放转向化合物种类较少的特征：所有物种中，对照植株和升温植株的乙醛排放均增加，柳属植物的异戊二烯排放增加。此外，在较高温度下生长的植株在热浪期间的排放量比对照植株增加了两倍，这表明排放对温度的敏感性更高。我们的研究表明，变暖和日益频繁的极端天气事件将显著影响北极植物的物候、光合作用以及排放到大气中的挥发性有机化合物的多样性和速率，从而有助于改变区域气候。
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