Jarosiewicz Monika, Duchnowicz Piotr, Bukowska Bożena
Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.
Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz, 90-236, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 15;15(1):13004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97707-8.
Bromophenols are aromatic compounds containing one or more benzene rings substituted with hydroxyl groups, bromine atoms, and other functional groups. Due to their widespread industrial use, bromophenols such as 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP) have become prevalent environmental contaminants. These compounds are primarily found in air, water, and soil and bioaccumulate in various organisms, including fish and birds. Studies have linked bromophenols to oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and adverse health effects, emphasizing the need to further investigate their biological impacts. Due to their high hydrophobicity and bioaccumulative potential, BPs may penetrate biological membranes, potentially altering their structural and functional properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of three bromophenols: 2,4-DBP, 2,4,6-TBP and PBP on erythrocyte membrane parameters and metabolic parameters such as ATP level. These findings highlight the differential effects of bromophenols on erythrocyte membranes, with 2,4-DBP primarily disrupting membrane fluidity and intracellular viscosity, while PBP predominantly affects oxidative processes. This study provides new insights into the potential toxicological mechanisms of BPs and their impact on cellular integrity. Moreover, the number of bromine atoms in bromophenols plays a crucial role in inducing damage to specific cellular structures and, ultimately, in determining their toxicity.
溴酚是含有一个或多个被羟基、溴原子和其他官能团取代的苯环的芳香族化合物。由于其在工业上的广泛应用，2,4-二溴酚（2,4-DBP）、2,4,6-三溴酚（2,4,6-TBP）和五溴酚（PBP）等溴酚已成为普遍存在的环境污染物。这些化合物主要存在于空气、水和土壤中，并在包括鱼类和鸟类在内的各种生物体中生物累积。研究已将溴酚与氧化应激、内分泌干扰和不良健康影响联系起来，强调需要进一步研究它们的生物影响。由于其高疏水性和生物累积潜力，溴酚可能穿透生物膜，潜在地改变其结构和功能特性。本研究旨在评估三种溴酚：2,4-DBP、2,4,6-TBP和PBP对红细胞膜参数和代谢参数（如ATP水平）的影响。这些发现突出了溴酚对红细胞膜的不同影响，其中2,4-DBP主要破坏膜流动性和细胞内粘度，而PBP主要影响氧化过程。本研究为溴酚的潜在毒理学机制及其对细胞完整性的影响提供了新的见解。此外，溴酚中溴原子的数量在诱导对特定细胞结构的损伤以及最终确定其毒性方面起着关键作用。
