Juthberg Robin, Flodin Johanna, Aliaga Nelida, Guo Li, Rodriguez Saul, Persson Nils-Krister, Ackermann Paul Wilhelm
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Smart Textiles and Polymeric E-textiles, Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 15;15(1):12944. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97431-3.
This study evaluated the hemodynamic effects, discomfort, and energy efficiency of low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (LI-NMES) of the calf delivered via sock-integrated transverse textile electrodes (TTE) at different frequencies and plateau times. Fifteen healthy participants underwent NMES stimulation through 3 × 3 cm TTE with ten combinations of frequency (1-36 Hz) and plateau times (0.5-7 s). NMES was increased until plantar flexion occurred, at which point ultrasound-measurements were made of popliteal peak venous velocity (PVV), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMV), average duration of blood flow pulse (ADBP) and ejection volume (EV). Discomfort (NRS, 0-10), current amplitude, and energy consumption were recorded. Median values were analyzed with significance set at p < 0.05. Both 1 Hz and 36 Hz C-LI-NMES significantly improved PVV and TAMV (p ≤ 0.008). EV increased significantly for plateau times of 1.5, 5.0, and 7.0 s (p < 0.05). Compared to 36 Hz, 1 Hz showed significantly lower discomfort (NRS: 0.4 vs. 1.6) and energy consumption (0.4 vs. 31.3 mJ, both p ≤ 0.01) but required higher current amplitude (33.2 vs. 23.3 mA, p < 0.01) to reach plantar flexion. The study concludes that both 1 Hz and 36 Hz frequency improve venous hemodynamics, but 1 Hz stimulation minimizes discomfort and energy use while maintaining effectiveness.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered with Clinical Trials, trial ID: NCT06082297.
本研究评估了通过集成在袜子中的横向纺织电极（TTE）在不同频率和平台时间下对小腿进行低强度神经肌肉电刺激（LI-NMES）的血流动力学效应、不适感和能量效率。15名健康参与者通过3×3 cm的TTE接受NMES刺激，频率（1-36 Hz）和平台时间（0.5-7 s）共有十种组合。NMES强度增加直至出现跖屈，此时通过超声测量腘静脉峰值流速（PVV）、时间平均平均流速（TAMV）、血流脉冲平均持续时间（ADBP）和射血容积（EV）。记录不适感（NRS，0-10）、电流幅度和能量消耗。分析中位数，显著性设定为p<0.05。1 Hz和36 Hz的C-LI-NMES均显著改善了PVV和TAMV（p≤0.008）。平台时间为1.5、5.0和7.0 s时，EV显著增加（p<0.05）。与36 Hz相比，1 Hz的不适感（NRS：0.4对1.6）和能量消耗（0.4对31.3 mJ，均p≤0.01）显著更低，但达到跖屈需要更高的电流幅度（33.2对23.3 mA，p<0.01）。研究得出结论，1 Hz和36 Hz频率均能改善静脉血流动力学，但1 Hz刺激在保持有效性的同时将不适感和能量消耗降至最低。试验注册：回顾性注册于临床试验，试验编号：NCT06082297。
