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獾与牛的共享空间景观:对间接接触和牛结核病传播风险的洞察

Landscape as a Shared Space for Badgers and Cattle: Insights Into Indirect Contact and Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission Risk.

作者信息

Holmes Emma L, O'Hagan Maria J H, Menzies Fraser D, Byrne Andrew W, McBride Kathryn R, McCormick Charles M, Scantlebury David M, Reid Neil

机构信息

Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK.

Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Veterinary Sciences Division Belfast UK.

出版信息

Ecol Evol. 2025 Apr 15;15(4):e71114. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71114. eCollection 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Though the magnitude of effect is uncertain, badger-cattle indirect contact has been implicated in bovine tuberculosis (bTB) transmission risk to cattle despite a paucity of data on badger space use. This study tracked field use by 35 GPS-collared bTB test-negative badgers ( = 3738 locational fixes, average fixes/badger = 107) and cattle grazing regimes at 446 fields over one grazing season (May-November 2016) on 18 farms ( = 56,202 field-days). Individual badger visits spanned on average 3 farms (max. 9 farms). Badgers entered fields when occupied by grazing cattle on 20% of field-days (nights). Most individual badgers ( = 25; 71%) were recorded in the same field as cattle on multiple occasions (up to 124 field-days each). There was substantial interindividual variation, with 29% of badgers ( = 10) never co-occurring with cattle. Badger field use was positively associated with dairy (rather than beef) production (especially when grazing cattle were present) and with fodder and rough grazing fields (compared with improved pasture and 'other' cattle-related land use). Badgers were recorded in larger fields (range 0.06 to 10.9 ha) more frequently, especially when not actively grazed. They were significantly less likely to use fields with calves compared to fields containing cattle of other age groups. The presence of a badger sett in a field increased the likelihood of field use by tracked badgers. Farm management that minimises cattle-badger indirect contact in fields with setts may reduce bTB transmission risk to cattle. Delaying grazing of fodder fields after (silage) harvest until sward length has increased, restricting grazing to improved pastures, keeping calves with cows longer, or ensuring all batches of cattle have at least some calves present and not grazing fields with badger setts (or fencing around setts to prevent cattle access) may provide simple, cost-effective strategies to reduce indirect badger-cattle contact, thus potentially lowering bTB transmission risk.

摘要

尽管影响程度尚不确定,但獾与牛的间接接触被认为与牛感染牛结核病(bTB)的传播风险有关,尽管关于獾的活动空间利用的数据很少。本研究在一个放牧季节(2016年5月至11月)内,对18个农场的446块田地中35只佩戴GPS项圈且bTB检测呈阴性的獾(共3738个定位点,平均每只獾107个定位点)的野外活动以及牛的放牧模式进行了跟踪(共56202个田日)。每只獾平均访问3个农场(最多9个农场)。在20%的田日(夜晚),当田地中有放牧的牛时,獾会进入田地。大多数个体獾(25只,占71%)多次被记录在与牛相同的田地中(每只最多124个田日)。个体之间存在很大差异,29%的獾(10只)从未与牛同时出现过。獾对田地的利用与奶牛(而非肉牛)生产呈正相关(尤其是当有放牧的牛在场时),并且与饲料田和粗放牧场(与改良牧场和“其他”与牛相关的土地利用相比)有关。獾更频繁地出现在较大的田地中(面积范围为0.06至10.9公顷),尤其是在没有牛积极放牧的时候。与其他年龄组的牛所在的田地相比,獾出现在有小牛的田地中的可能性显著降低。田地里有獾穴会增加被跟踪的獾使用该田地的可能性。农场管理措施若能尽量减少在有獾穴的田地中牛与獾的间接接触,可能会降低牛感染bTB的传播风险。在(青贮)收割后推迟饲料田的放牧时间,直到草长增加,将放牧限制在改良牧场上,让小牛与母牛待在一起的时间更长,或者确保所有批次的牛群中至少有一些小牛在场,并且不让牛在有獾穴的田地中放牧(或者在獾穴周围设置围栏以防止牛进入),可能会提供简单且经济高效的策略来减少獾与牛的间接接触,从而潜在地降低bTB的传播风险。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/430d/11997457/2d4d6f10e62e/ECE3-15-e71114-g004.jpg

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