病毒介导的传出抑制增强可减轻野生型小鼠耳蜗的声损伤。
Virally mediated enhancement of efferent inhibition reduces acoustic trauma in wild-type murine cochleas.
作者信息
Slika Eleftheria, Fuchs Paul A, Wood Megan Beers
机构信息
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
出版信息
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2025 Mar 21;33(2):101455. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2025.101455. eCollection 2025 Jun 12.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) poses an emerging global health problem with only ear protection or sound avoidance as preventive strategies. The cochlea receives some protection from medial olivocochlear efferent neurons, providing a potential target for therapeutic enhancement. Cholinergic efferents release acetylcholine (ACh) to hyperpolarize and shunt the outer hair cells (OHCs), reducing sound-evoked activation. The (α9)(α10) nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) on the OHCs mediates this effect. Transgenic knockin mice with a gain-of-function nAChR (α9L9'T) suffer less NIHL. α9 knockout mice are more vulnerable to NIHL but can be rescued by viral transduction of the α9L9'T subunit. In this study, an HA-tagged gain-of-function α9 isoform was expressed in wild-type mice to reduce NIHL. Synaptic integration of the virally expressed nAChR subunit was confirmed by HA immunopuncta localized to the postsynaptic membrane of OHCs. After noise exposure, AAV2.7m8-CAG-α9L9'T-HA (α9L9'T-HA)-injected mice had less hearing loss (auditory brainstem response [ABR] thresholds and threshold shifts) than did control mice. ABRs of α9L9'T-HA-injected mice also had larger wave-1 amplitudes and better recovery of wave-1 amplitudes post noise exposure. Thus, virally expressed α9L9'T combines effectively with native α9 and α10 subunits to mitigate NIHL in wild-type cochleas.
噪声性听力损失(NIHL)是一个新出现的全球性健康问题,目前仅通过耳部保护或避免接触噪声作为预防策略。内侧橄榄耳蜗传出神经元为耳蜗提供了一定的保护,这为治疗增强提供了一个潜在靶点。胆碱能传出神经释放乙酰胆碱(ACh),使外毛细胞(OHC)超极化并分流,从而减少声音诱发的激活。OHC上的(α9)(α10)烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)介导这种效应。具有功能增强型nAChR(α9L9'T)的转基因敲入小鼠遭受的NIHL较少。α9基因敲除小鼠更容易患NIHL,但可通过病毒转导α9L9'T亚基得到挽救。在本研究中,在野生型小鼠中表达了带有HA标签的功能增强型α9亚型,以减少NIHL。通过定位在OHC突触后膜上的HA免疫斑点证实了病毒表达的nAChR亚基的突触整合。噪声暴露后,注射AAV2.7m8-CAG-α9L9'T-HA(α9L9'T-HA)的小鼠比对照小鼠的听力损失(听觉脑干反应[ABR]阈值和阈值偏移)更小。注射α9L9'T-HA的小鼠的ABR的波1振幅也更大,且在噪声暴露后波1振幅的恢复更好。因此,病毒表达的α9L9'T能有效地与天然的α9和α10亚基结合,减轻野生型耳蜗的NIHL。