Development of Clindamycin-Loaded Microneedles for the Treatment of Nodular Acne: A Novel Therapeutic Approach.

Acne is a common and often chronic skin condition that requires prolonged treatment. Conventional topical therapies are limited by their inability to effectively penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, reducing their effectiveness in treating comedones and inflammatory acne lesions. This study aimed to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (MNs) as a novel approach for delivering clindamycin directly to the obstructed sebaceous glands beneath the skin's surface. MNs were fabricated using 3D-printed molds of various shapes and lengths, employing materials such as chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Pyramid-shaped MNs, 2500 μm in length, were created using PVA soaked in sodium sulfate. Their physical properties, insertion capabilities, and dissolution profiles were evaluated through texture analysis, in vitro penetration testing, and drug release studies. Pyramid-shaped MNs made from PVA demonstrated the highest mechanical strength and structural integrity, confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and texture analysis. In vitro penetration testing showed that these MNs penetrated beyond four layers of Parafilm, simulating their ability to breach the stratum corneum. Dissolution studies indicated complete MN dissolution within 7-8 min, with rapid drug release occurring within 3 min. The study demonstrates the feasibility of creating dissolvable MNs for delivering clindamycin, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies by improving drug penetration and providing rapid drug release for the treatment of acne.