Sun Lijuan, Goh Hui Jen, Govindharajulu Priya, Leow Melvin Khee-Shing, Henry Christiani Jeyakumar
Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Apr 16;64(4):155. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03675-0.
Previous studies have reported that the type of protein consumed as preloads significantly affects postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in healthy and type 2 diabetes. But little is known how protein synergistic preloading affects human health.
Using two typical Asian protein type (soya tofu and chicken) with carbohydrate (white rice), the aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different protein types presented synergistically as preloads on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia and incretin secretions in healthy adults.
Sixteen healthy Chinese male adults participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover meal trial. Subjects consumed, in random order, 4 experimental meals that differed in protein type and proportion. Glucose, insulin, incretins and triglyceride concentrations were measured over 3 h.
There were significant protein type preload treatment x time interaction effects on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and triglycerides concentrations (P < 0.001). In comparison with rice alone treatment, preloading with Soya, Chicken and Soya/Chicken (50% soya tofu combined with 50% chicken breast) prior to rice consumption all significantly attenuated postprandial glucose response. Soya + Rice treatment induced a significantly lower incremental peak and incremental area under curve (iAUC) (0-60 min) glucose level compared with Chicken + Rice. The postprandial insulin response (incremental peak, iAUC 0-180 min) was significantly lower after Soya + Rice than Chicken + Rice group. Soya/Chicken + Rice treatment did not induce any significant difference in glucose and insulin levels between Soya + Rice or Chicken + Rice group. Notably, Soya/Chicken + Rice as well as Soya + Rice induced a significantly higher GLP1 and GIP responses compared with Rice or Chicken + Rice groups. Soya + Rice and Soya/Chicken + Rice groups stimulated higher triglyceride concentration than the other two groups.
Different protein preload with rice can considerably influence its glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses. Soya or Soya/Chicken protein synergistic preloading induced higher incretins responses to modulate glycemic response in healthy adults.
既往研究报道，作为预负荷摄入的蛋白质类型对健康人群和2型糖尿病患者的餐后血糖及胰岛素波动有显著影响。但蛋白质协同预负荷对人体健康的影响知之甚少。
本研究使用两种典型的亚洲蛋白质类型（大豆豆腐和鸡肉）与碳水化合物（白米饭），旨在比较两种不同蛋白质类型协同作为预负荷对健康成年人餐后血糖、胰岛素水平及肠促胰岛素分泌的影响。
16名健康中国男性成年人参与了一项随机、对照、交叉膳食试验。受试者随机顺序食用4种蛋白质类型和比例不同的试验餐。在3小时内测量血糖、胰岛素、肠促胰岛素和甘油三酯浓度。
蛋白质类型预负荷处理×时间交互作用对血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）和甘油三酯浓度有显著影响（P<0.001）。与单纯米饭处理相比，在食用米饭前预负荷大豆、鸡肉以及大豆/鸡肉（50%大豆豆腐与50%鸡胸肉混合）均显著减弱了餐后血糖反应。与鸡肉+米饭组相比，大豆+米饭处理诱导的葡萄糖水平增量峰值和曲线下增量面积（iAUC）（0-60分钟）显著更低。大豆+米饭组餐后胰岛素反应（增量峰值，iAUC 0-180分钟）显著低于鸡肉+米饭组。大豆/鸡肉+米饭处理在葡萄糖和胰岛素水平上与大豆+米饭组或鸡肉+米饭组相比未诱导出任何显著差异。值得注意的是，与米饭或鸡肉+米饭组相比，大豆/鸡肉+米饭以及大豆+米饭诱导的GLP1和GIP反应显著更高。大豆+米饭组和大豆/鸡肉+米饭组刺激的甘油三酯浓度高于其他两组。
与米饭搭配的不同蛋白质预负荷可显著影响其血糖、胰岛素及肠促胰岛素反应。大豆或大豆/鸡肉蛋白质协同预负荷在健康成年人中诱导出更高的肠促胰岛素反应以调节血糖反应。
