Cai Minglang, Yang Linlin, Zhong Lei, Xie Shouqi, Hu Yi
Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2025 Apr 16;51(3):83. doi: 10.1007/s10695-025-01498-8.
Feed nutrients are crucial in shaping the gut microbial community, especially for complex interactions. While much research focused on the impacts of dietary protein levels, exploration of protein sources remains insufficient. Accordingly, this study specifically investigated the effects of four protein sources [Clostridium autoethanolicum protein (CAP), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC), Chlorella vulgaris meal (CVP), and Tenebrio molitor meal (TM)] replacing dietary soybean meal on microbial co-occurrence networks and key metabolic taxa. A 56-day feeding trial involved 1500 grass carp (20.00 g) fed five experimental diets, each incorporating one of the experimental protein sources. Results revealed that CPC and CVP diets improved the weight gain and specific growth rate, with the CPC group demonstrating the highest biomass gain and the CVP group exhibiting the best feed conversion ratio. Findings further indicated that SM-free diets enhanced intestinal immunity and barrier function while negatively impacting microbial diversity. Additional profiling revealed that each treatment exhibited distinct abundance profiles and unique species, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria as the dominant phyla and key genera such as Bacteroides, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Cetobacterium. Stochastic mechanisms drove the community assembly process, and prolonged SM-free diets led to simplified networks with increased generalists and specialists. Functional gene analysis highlighted roles in amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, underscoring the impact of protein sources on aquatic microbial communities and host-microbiome interactions. Overall, the study suggests the potential suitability of several protein sources as soybean meal substitutes, emphasizing the importance of further investigation into optimal inclusion levels for diverse proteins.
饲料营养物质在塑造肠道微生物群落方面至关重要，尤其是对于复杂的相互作用。虽然许多研究集中在日粮蛋白质水平的影响上，但对蛋白质来源的探索仍然不足。因此，本研究专门调查了四种蛋白质来源[自乙醇梭菌蛋白（CAP）、棉籽浓缩蛋白（CPC）、小球藻粉（CVP）和黄粉虫粉（TM）]替代日粮豆粕对微生物共现网络和关键代谢类群的影响。一项为期56天的饲养试验涉及1500尾草鱼（20.00克），投喂五种实验日粮，每种日粮包含一种实验蛋白质来源。结果显示，CPC和CVP日粮提高了增重和特定生长率，CPC组的生物量增加最高，CVP组的饲料转化率最佳。研究结果还表明，无豆粕日粮增强了肠道免疫力和屏障功能，同时对微生物多样性产生负面影响。进一步的分析表明，每种处理都表现出不同的丰度谱和独特的物种，厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门为优势菌门，以及拟杆菌属、解硫胺素芽孢杆菌属和鲸杆菌属等关键属。随机机制驱动了群落组装过程，长期的无豆粕日粮导致网络简化，泛化种和特化种增加。功能基因分析突出了在氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂质代谢中的作用，强调了蛋白质来源对水生微生物群落和宿主-微生物组相互作用的影响。总体而言，该研究表明几种蛋白质来源作为豆粕替代品具有潜在的适用性，强调了进一步研究不同蛋白质最佳添加水平的重要性。
