Abdulhameed Ahmed Saud, Abdullah Samaa, Altamimi Abeer A, Abualhaija Mahmoud, Algburi Sameer
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
College of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May;310(Pt 1):143140. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143140. Epub 2025 Apr 14.
This work developed a Schiff base-chitosan-vanillin/hydroxyapatite (CHI-VAN/HA) composite from natural resources for effective brilliant green (BG) dye removal from aquatic systems. Physicochemical analysis of CHI-VAN/HA was performed via several methods, including BET, XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The mean pore diameter and total pore volume of CHI-VAN/HA were found to be 4.31 nm and 0.01994 cm/g, respectively, while the BET surface area was found to be 18.49 m/g. The CHI-VAN/HA composite mostly exhibits polycrystalline properties, as shown by its average crystallite size of 12.67 nm. Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the impacts of the adsorption process parameters, namely the CHI-VAN/HA dosage (A: 0.02-0.08 g/L), pH (B: 4-10), and contact duration (C: 10-40 min). The adsorption process was described using the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models. The thermodynamic analysis confirms that the adsorption process is both spontaneous (Gibbs free energy change, ΔG° = -6.832, -7.368, -7.904, and - 8.440 kJ/mol at 298, 308, 318, and 328 K respectively) and endothermic (enthalpy change, ΔH° = 9.156 kJ/mol), with increased interfacial disorder (entropy change, ΔS° = 0.0536 kJ/molK) facilitating the favorable uptake of BG dye onto the CHI-VAN/HA composite. The cost analysis for preparing 1 kg of CHI-VAN/HA adsorbent is approximately $215/kg. The CHI-VAN/HA composite exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 295.74 mg/g for BG dye. Several interactions, including electrostatic, π-π, n-π, H-bonding, and Lewis acid-base interaction, were identified as the mechanism for the BG dye adsorption. This work highlights that the developed Schiff base-chitosan-vanillin/hydroxyapatite composite, derived from natural sources, offers an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for brilliant green dye removal. Its excellent adsorption performance and physicochemical properties underscore its potential application in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
本研究利用天然资源开发了一种席夫碱 - 壳聚糖 - 香草醛/羟基磷灰石（CHI-VAN/HA）复合材料，用于从水体系统中有效去除亮绿（BG）染料。通过多种方法对CHI-VAN/HA进行了物理化学分析，包括BET、XRD、FTIR和SEM-EDX。结果发现，CHI-VAN/HA的平均孔径和总孔体积分别为4.31 nm和0.01994 cm/g，而BET表面积为18.49 m/g。CHI-VAN/HA复合材料大多表现出多晶性质，其平均晶粒尺寸为12.67 nm。采用响应面法（RSM）中的Box-Behnken设计（BBD）来优化吸附过程参数的影响，即CHI-VAN/HA用量（A：0.02 - 0.08 g/L）、pH值（B：4 - 10）和接触时间（C：10 - 40 min）。使用Freundlich等温线和伪一级动力学模型描述吸附过程。热力学分析证实，吸附过程是自发的（吉布斯自由能变化，ΔG°分别在298、308、318和328 K时为-6.832、-7.368、-7.904和-8.440 kJ/mol）且是吸热的（焓变，ΔH° = 9.156 kJ/mol），界面无序度增加（熵变，ΔS° = 0.0536 kJ/mol·K）有利于BG染料在CHI-VAN/HA复合材料上的良好吸附。制备1 kg CHI-VAN/HA吸附剂的成本分析约为215美元/kg。CHI-VAN/HA复合材料对BG染料的最大吸附容量为295.74 mg/g。确定了包括静电、π-π、n-π、氢键和路易斯酸碱相互作用在内的几种相互作用为BG染料吸附的机制。这项工作突出表明，所开发的源自天然来源的席夫碱 - 壳聚糖 - 香草醛/羟基磷灰石复合材料为去除亮绿染料提供了一种生态友好且可持续的解决方案。其优异的吸附性能和物理化学性质强调了其在废水处理和环境修复中的潜在应用。
