Feng Yuqing, Liu Yonghui, Han Jizhe, Huang Yanbo, Lee Joongku, Kokubugata Goro, Qi Zhechen, Yan Xiaoling
Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Apr 17;25(1):488. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06516-8.
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), an aromatic evergreen shrub of the Salvia (Lamiaceae), is native to the Mediterranean region, thriving in rocky or arid soils. Widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, its clonal reproduction poses significant challenges for breeding and germplasm innovation. While mitogenome engineering holds promise for introducing heritable mutations, incomplete mitogenome information for rosemary has hindered such efforts. This study addresses this gap by assembling and analyzing the complete mitogenome of S. rosmarinus, focusing on its structure, repetitive sequences, RNA editing events, intracellular gene transfer (IGT), and phylogenetic relationships.
The S. rosmarinus mitogenome spans 384,113 bp with a GC content of 44.8%, containing 34 unique protein-coding genes and 114 simple sequence repeats. Comparative analysis revealed 28 homologous segments shared between the mitogenome and plastome, totaling 18,675 bp in length. Furthermore, homologous fragments between nuclear and organellar genomes were identified, including 1,069,255 bp of organelle-derived sequences in the nuclear genome, with 194,689 bp from nuclear plastid DNA transfers (NUPTs) and 15,192 bp from nuclear mitochondrial DNA transfers (NUMTs). NUPTs were more abundant and contributed more significantly to the total length. Synteny analysis of eight Lamiales species revealed extensive mitogenomic recombination and structural rearrangements. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of mitogenomes, offering insights into genome evolution and supporting future breeding programs to enhance the genetic diversity and adaptability of S. rosmarinus.
This study provides the first complete mitogenome of S. rosmarinus, revealing dispersed repeats, RNA editing, and horizontal gene transfer between the nuclear and organelle genomes. The mitogenome exhibits a typical circular structure with evidence of frequent recombination, providing valuable insights into Salvia mitochondrial genetics, genome evolution, and molecular biology.
迷迭香（Salvia rosmarinus）是唇形科鼠尾草属的一种芳香常绿灌木，原产于地中海地区，在岩石土壤或干旱土壤中生长旺盛。它在食品、制药和化妆品中广泛应用，其克隆繁殖给育种和种质创新带来了重大挑战。虽然有丝分裂基因组工程有望引入可遗传突变，但迷迭香不完整的有丝分裂基因组信息阻碍了此类研究。本研究通过组装和分析迷迭香的完整有丝分裂基因组来填补这一空白，重点关注其结构、重复序列、RNA编辑事件、细胞内基因转移（IGT）和系统发育关系。
迷迭香有丝分裂基因组跨度为384,113 bp，GC含量为44.8%，包含34个独特的蛋白质编码基因和114个简单序列重复。比较分析显示，有丝分裂基因组和质体基因组之间共有28个同源片段，总长度为18,675 bp。此外，还鉴定了核基因组和细胞器基因组之间的同源片段，包括核基因组中1,069,255 bp的细胞器衍生序列，其中194,689 bp来自核质体DNA转移（NUPTs），15,192 bp来自核线粒体DNA转移（NUMTs）。NUPTs更为丰富，对总长度的贡献更大。对8种唇形目植物的共线性分析揭示了广泛的有丝分裂基因组重组和结构重排。这些发现突出了有丝分裂基因组的动态性质，为基因组进化提供了见解，并支持未来的育种计划，以提高迷迭香的遗传多样性和适应性。
本研究提供了首个迷迭香完整有丝分裂基因组，揭示了分散重复、RNA编辑以及核基因组和细胞器基因组之间的水平基因转移。该有丝分裂基因组呈现典型的环状结构，有频繁重组的证据，为鼠尾草线粒体遗传学、基因组进化和分子生物学提供了有价值的见解。
