Song Tianqi, Fan Qiru, Shi Caiyin, Li Siyi, Zhou Jianfei, Bu Yaning, Chang Xiling, Yu Yang, Lei Xinpeng, Wang Yuxin, Chen Dongsheng, Xiang Jishan, Zhang Xiaoke
College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China.
Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan, 750002 Ningxia China.
Mol Breed. 2025 Apr 14;45(4):44. doi: 10.1007/s11032-025-01565-1. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Winter wheat must undergo vernalization to flower, while spring wheat does not require vernalization. The requirement for vernalization in wheat is primarily controlled by vernalization genes. are the most important vernalization genes. The recessive alleles have a strict vernalization requirement, while dominant mutations in eliminate or reduce this requirement. In this study, the near-isogenic lines for several allelic variants (, , , and ) were generated in two winter wheat backgrounds. Under field conditions, the four dominant allelic variants (, , , and ) resulted in an advancement in the heading date by 3-5 days. Using an artificially controlled gradient vernalization treatment (4-5 ℃, ranging from 0 to 45 days with 5-day intervals), the vernalization requirements of allelic variants were analyzed. The relative effects on vernalization requirements were found to be > = > = (opposite to the heading date). Gene expression analysis indicates that the earlier heading associated with the dominant allelic variants is linked to their open expression under non-vernalization conditions. There may be an expression threshold at the locus that eliminates the vernalization requirement, and this threshold should be lower than the levels observed under saturated vernalization conditions. Furthermore, once this hypothesized threshold is reached, there appears to be no dosage effect on expression. These results deepen our understanding of wheat vernalization genes and provide a theoretical basis for utilizing these genes in breeding programs aimed at improving wheat adaptability.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-025-01565-1.
冬小麦必须经过春化处理才能开花，而春小麦则不需要春化处理。小麦对春化的需求主要由春化基因控制。 是最重要的春化基因。隐性 等位基因有严格的春化需求，而 中的显性突变则消除或降低了这种需求。在本研究中，在两个冬小麦背景下产生了几个 等位基因变体（ 、 、 、 和 ）的近等基因系。在田间条件下，四个显性 等位基因变体（ 、 、 和 ）使抽穗期提前了3 - 5天。采用人工控制的梯度春化处理（4 - 5℃，0至45天，间隔5天），分析了 等位基因变体的春化需求。发现对春化需求的相对影响为 > = > = （与抽穗期相反）。基因表达分析表明，与显性 等位基因变体相关的较早抽穗与它们在非春化条件下的开放表达有关。在 位点可能存在一个消除春化需求的表达阈值，并且这个阈值应该低于在饱和春化条件下观察到的 水平。此外，一旦达到这个假设的阈值，对 表达似乎没有剂量效应。这些结果加深了我们对小麦春化基因的理解，并为在旨在提高小麦适应性的育种计划中利用这些基因提供了理论基础。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11032-025-01565-1获取的补充材料。
