Giri Suman, Lamichhane Gopal, Pandey Jitendra, Khadayat Ramesh, K C Sindhu, Devkota Hari Prasad, Khadka Dipendra
Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 24;26(7):2923. doi: 10.3390/ijms26072923.
Understanding the modulation of specific immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) offers new hope in cancer treatments, especially in cancer immunotherapies. In recent years, immune modulation and resistance to immunotherapy have become critical challenges in cancer treatments. However, novel strategies for immune modulation have emerged as promising approaches for oncology due to the vital roles of the immunomodulators in regulating tumor progression and metastasis and modulating immunological responses to standard of care in cancer treatments. With the progress in immuno-oncology, a growing number of novel immunomodulators and mechanisms are being uncovered, offering the potential for enhanced clinical immunotherapy in the near future. Thus, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the broader context is essential. Herein, we particularly summarize the paradoxical role of tumor-related immune cells, focusing on how targeted immune cells and their actions are modulated by immunotherapies to overcome immunotherapeutic resistance in tumor cells. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms employed by tumors to evade the long-term effects of immunotherapeutic agents, rendering them ineffective.
了解肿瘤微环境（TME）中特定免疫细胞的调节为癌症治疗带来了新希望，尤其是在癌症免疫治疗方面。近年来，免疫调节和对免疫治疗的抗性已成为癌症治疗中的关键挑战。然而，由于免疫调节剂在调节肿瘤进展和转移以及调节癌症治疗中对标准治疗的免疫反应方面的重要作用，新的免疫调节策略已成为肿瘤学中很有前景的方法。随着免疫肿瘤学的进展，越来越多的新型免疫调节剂和机制被发现，为在不久的将来增强临床免疫治疗提供了潜力。因此，全面了解更广泛的背景至关重要。在此，我们特别总结肿瘤相关免疫细胞的矛盾作用，重点关注靶向免疫细胞及其作用如何被免疫疗法调节以克服肿瘤细胞中的免疫治疗抗性。我们还强调了肿瘤用于逃避免疫治疗药物长期作用从而使其无效的分子机制。
