Petracci Irene, Bellini Sonia, Goljanek-Whysall Katarzyna, Quinlan Leo R, Fiszer Agnieszka, Cakmak Ali, Njume Cyrille Mesue, Borroni Barbara, Ghidoni Roberta
Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy.
Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TH33 Galway, Ireland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 5;26(7):3399. doi: 10.3390/ijms26073399.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the most common forms of dementia globally. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain, leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, significantly impairing daily life. In contrast, FTD is marked by selective degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobes, typically resulting in profound changes in personality and social behavior, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Numerous studies have found microRNAs (miRNAs)-small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally-to be dysregulated in AD and FTD. As a result, miRNAs have emerged as promising novel biomarkers for these diseases. This review examines the current understanding of miRNAs in AD and FTD, emphasizing their potential as accessible, noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing these prevalent neurodegenerative disorders.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）和额颞叶痴呆（FTD）是全球最常见的痴呆形式。AD的特征是大脑中β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）斑块的积累和tau蛋白的过度磷酸化，导致进行性记忆丧失和认知衰退，严重损害日常生活。相比之下，FTD的特征是额叶和/或颞叶的选择性退化，通常导致人格和社会行为的深刻变化、言语障碍和精神症状。大量研究发现，微小RNA（miRNA）——一种在转录后调节基因表达的小的非编码RNA分子——在AD和FTD中失调。因此，miRNA已成为这些疾病有前景的新型生物标志物。这篇综述探讨了目前对AD和FTD中miRNA的认识，强调了它们作为诊断这些常见神经退行性疾病的可获取、非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。
