Esen Dilek Hande, Duman Tolga, Taş Serkan, Karataş Nihan
Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Programme, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey.
Physiother Theory Pract. 2025 Oct;41(10):2043-2054. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2025.2492166. Epub 2025 Apr 17.
Three-Dimensional (3D) foot-ankle exercise and clam exercise have been used to improve foot posture in flatfoot. However, studies on this topic are limited, and more supporting evidence is needed to investigate the benefits of these exercises on flatfoot.
To compare the effects of 3D foot-ankle and clam exercise in addition to Short-Foot exercise on navicular drop, foot posture and structure in individuals with flexible flatfoot.
Single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Fifty-six participants were divided into Foot Exercise Group (FEG), Hip Exercise Group (HEG), and a Control Group (CG). FEG performed 3D foot-ankle+Short-Foot exercise. HEG performed clam+Short-Foot exercise. CG performed only Short-Foot exercise. The Navicular Drop Test (NDT), Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), Clarke's Angle (CA), Staheli Index (SI), Wejsflog Index, hallux valgus angle, and varus deformity angle of the fifth toe were assessed pre-and post-intervention (six week later).
Post-intervention, NDT, CA, and SI scores improved significantly more in FEG compared to other groups ( = <0.001, η = 0.425-0.802). FPI-6 score decreased similarly in FEG and HEG ( = .477), significantly more than in CG ( = <0.001, = -0.692; = <0.001, = -0.560, respectively). CA and SI scores improved more in HEG than in CG ( = <0.001, = -0.851; = <0.001, = -0.536, respectively).
The 3D foot-ankle and clam exercise may be an effective intervention that provides satisfactory functional results for navicular drop, foot pronation, and anthropometric properties of the foot in flexible flatfoot.
NCT06313125.
三维（3D）足踝运动和蚌式运动已被用于改善扁平足的足部姿势。然而，关于这一主题的研究有限，需要更多的支持证据来探究这些运动对扁平足的益处。
比较3D足踝运动、蚌式运动以及短足运动对柔韧性扁平足个体的舟骨下降、足部姿势和结构的影响。
单盲随机对照试验。56名参与者被分为足部运动组（FEG）、髋部运动组（HEG）和对照组（CG）。FEG进行3D足踝+短足运动。HEG进行蚌式+短足运动。CG仅进行短足运动。在干预前后（六周后）评估舟骨下降试验（NDT）、足部姿势指数-6（FPI-6）、克拉克角（CA）、斯塔赫利指数（SI）、韦伊斯弗洛格指数、拇外翻角和第五趾内翻畸形角。
干预后，与其他组相比，FEG的NDT、CA和SI评分改善更为显著（P = <0.001，η = 0.425 - 0.802）。FEG和HEG的FPI-6评分下降程度相似（P = 0.477），显著大于CG（P = <0.001，η = -0.692；P = <0.001，η = -0.560，分别）。HEG的CA和SI评分改善程度大于CG（P = <0.001，η = -0.851；P = <0.001，η = -0.536，分别）。
3D足踝运动和蚌式运动可能是一种有效的干预措施，可为柔韧性扁平足的舟骨下降、足部内旋和足部人体测量学特征提供令人满意的功能结果。
NCT06313125。
