Wang Peng, Song Xuewei, Qiu Jinlong, Zhu Xiyan, Wu Pengfei, Liao Zhikang, Xie Jingru, Wang Nan, Zhao Hui
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Exp Neurol. 2025 Jul;389:115259. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115259. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
The outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are closely linked to the strength of mechanical loads applied to the head. However, the same mechanical load can lead to significant variations in injury outcomes depending on the location of impact. To compare the acute-phase behavioral and pathological effects of different impact locations on TBI outcomes, we conducted a closed head injury experimental study using male rats subjected to cranial vertex and temporal lobe impacts. The rats were injured by an impactor according to the experimental protocol established using the L (2) orthogonal table, and the behavioral and pathological outcomes were assessed. The contribution rates of impact location and strength to TBI were quantified using Analysis of Variance. The results indicated that impact strength played a dominant role in TBI and showed a positive correlation, while the role of impact location in TBI cannot be ignored. Behaviorally, cranial vertex impacts led to more severe coma, motor, memory, and anxiety deficits. Pathologically, cranial vertex impacts caused more severe diffuse axonal injury in the corpus callosum and brainstem. In the left hippocampus and amygdala, cell loss due to cranial vertex impacts was more pronounced than that caused by temporal lobe impacts, whereas the opposite was true on the right side. Notably, the pathological changes observed in the left (non-impact) hippocampus and amygdala due to temporal lobe impacts showed a stronger linear correlation with behavioral outcomes, suggesting that damage to the left side has greater predictive power for behavioral deficits. This suggests that the impact location is an important factor affecting TBI and should be considered in the study.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的预后与施加于头部的机械负荷强度密切相关。然而，相同的机械负荷根据撞击位置的不同可导致损伤预后出现显著差异。为比较不同撞击位置对TBI预后的急性期行为和病理影响，我们使用雄性大鼠进行了一项闭合性颅脑损伤实验研究，使其分别接受颅顶和颞叶撞击。根据使用L(2)正交表建立的实验方案，用撞击器使大鼠致伤，并对行为和病理结果进行评估。采用方差分析对撞击位置和强度对TBI的贡献率进行量化。结果表明，撞击强度在TBI中起主导作用且呈正相关，而撞击位置在TBI中的作用也不容忽视。在行为方面，颅顶撞击导致更严重的昏迷、运动、记忆和焦虑缺陷。在病理方面，颅顶撞击在胼胝体和脑干中造成更严重的弥漫性轴索损伤。在左侧海马体和杏仁核中，颅顶撞击导致的细胞损失比颞叶撞击更为明显，而右侧情况则相反。值得注意的是，颞叶撞击导致的左侧（非撞击侧）海马体和杏仁核的病理变化与行为结果呈现出更强的线性相关性，这表明左侧损伤对行为缺陷具有更大的预测能力。这表明撞击位置是影响TBI的一个重要因素，在研究中应予以考虑。
