Tang Lirui, Que Haiying, Wei Yuquan, Yang Ting, Tong Aiping, Wei Xiawei
Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
J Hematol Oncol. 2025 Apr 17;18(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13045-025-01694-2.
Replicon RNA (RepRNA) represents a cutting-edge technology in the field of vaccinology, fundamentally transforming vaccine design and development. This innovative approach facilitates the induction of robust immune responses against a range of infectious diseases and cancers. RepRNA vaccines leverage the inherent capabilities of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with self-replicating repRNA, allowing for extreme replication within host cells. This process enhances antigen production and subsequently stimulates adaptive immunity. Additionally, the generation of double-stranded RNA during RNA replication can activate innate immune responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that repRNA vaccines elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses that are broader and more durable than those generated by conventional mRNA vaccines. These significant immune responses have been shown to provide protection in various models for infectious diseases and cancers. This article will explore the design and delivery of RepRNA vaccines, the mechanisms of immune activation, preclinical studies addressing infectious diseases and tumors, and related clinical trials that focus on safety and immunogenicity.
复制子RNA（RepRNA）代表了疫苗学领域的一项前沿技术，从根本上改变了疫苗的设计和开发。这种创新方法有助于诱导针对一系列传染病和癌症的强大免疫反应。RepRNA疫苗利用与自我复制的RepRNA相关的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶的固有能力，使其能够在宿主细胞内进行大量复制。这一过程增强了抗原产生，随后刺激适应性免疫。此外，RNA复制过程中双链RNA的产生可激活先天免疫反应。大量研究表明，RepRNA疫苗引发的强大体液免疫和细胞免疫反应比传统mRNA疫苗产生的反应更广泛、更持久。这些显著的免疫反应已在各种传染病和癌症模型中显示出具有保护作用。本文将探讨RepRNA疫苗的设计与递送、免疫激活机制、针对传染病和肿瘤的临床前研究以及关注安全性和免疫原性的相关临床试验。
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