老年人牙齿缺失与老年综合征的关联：来自中国东部农村地区的队列研究
Association between tooth loss and geriatric syndromes in older adults: a cohort study from a rural area in eastern China.
作者信息
He Caihong, Wang Yihan, Qin Chengfan, Hua Nan, Yang Yichen, Chen Jing, Zhang Qin
机构信息
Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
出版信息
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025 Apr 18;37(1):128. doi: 10.1007/s40520-025-03032-5.
BACKGROUND
Tooth loss was linked to health status, with substantial implications for malnutrition and chronic inflammation risks in older adults, especially among vulnerable groups. This study aimed to explore the associations between tooth loss severity, denture status, and geriatric syndromes.
METHODS
In 2019, 1094 participants were recruited and subjected to face-to-face interview to assess tooth loss severity, along with grip strength and body composition. In 2023, a follow-up was conducted with a subsample of the participants. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the association between tooth loss severity at baseline and geriatric syndromes (sarcopenia, malnutrition risk, frailty, fall) at fourth year follow-up, as well as association between denture status and geriatric syndromes.
RESULTS
The multivariate analyses showed that having tooth loss affecting daily life at baseline was associated with a 1.80-fold higher prevalence of sarcopenia and 2.31-fold higher prevalence of malnutrition risk after four years. Participants with fewer than 10 teeth had significantly higher odds of geriatric syndromes compared to those with 21 or more teeth: 1.87-fold for sarcopenia (95% CI: 1.07 to 3.26), 2.99-fold for malnutrition risk (95% CI: 1.93 to 4.62), and 1.68-fold for frailty (95% CI: 1.10 to 2.56). Older adults with tooth loss who did not have dentures exhibited a significantly higher odds of sarcopenia, malnutrition risk, frailty, and falls, more number of geriatric syndromes.
CONCLUSION
Higher severity level of tooth loss at baseline were associated with higher odds of geriatric syndromes at fourth year in older adults. Dentures partially mitigate the association between tooth loss and the higher odds of geriatric syndromes. Screening and intervening oral health is important for the prevention of geriatric syndromes in older adults.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
Not applicable.
背景
牙齿脱落与健康状况相关，对老年人的营养不良和慢性炎症风险有重大影响，尤其是在弱势群体中。本研究旨在探讨牙齿脱落严重程度、义齿状况与老年综合征之间的关联。
方法
2019年，招募了1094名参与者，并对其进行面对面访谈，以评估牙齿脱落严重程度、握力和身体成分。2023年，对部分参与者进行了随访。采用逻辑回归分析来探讨基线时牙齿脱落严重程度与随访四年时老年综合征（肌肉减少症、营养不良风险、衰弱、跌倒）之间的关联，以及义齿状况与老年综合征之间的关联。
结果
多变量分析显示，基线时影响日常生活的牙齿脱落与四年后肌肉减少症患病率高1.80倍和营养不良风险患病率高2.31倍相关。牙齿少于10颗的参与者患老年综合征的几率明显高于牙齿有21颗或更多颗的参与者：肌肉减少症为1.87倍（95%置信区间：1.07至3.26），营养不良风险为2.99倍（95%置信区间：1.93至4.62），衰弱为1.68倍（95%置信区间：1.10至2.56）。没有义齿的牙齿脱落老年人出现肌肉减少症、营养不良风险、衰弱和跌倒的几率明显更高，老年综合征的数量更多。
结论
基线时牙齿脱落严重程度较高与老年人四年后患老年综合征的几率较高相关。义齿部分减轻了牙齿脱落与老年综合征较高几率之间的关联。筛查和干预口腔健康对预防老年人的老年综合征很重要。
临床试验编号
不适用。
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