Li Shichen, Mei Fupeng, Ahmed Waqar, Jiang Tao, Yang Linyuan, Hu Xiaodong, Zhao Meiwei, Peng Xiaoci, Peng Ren, Yang Yingfen, Zhang Wei, Li Mingmin, Zhao Zhengxiong
Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
Yunnan Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Kunming, China.
Pest Manag Sci. 2025 Aug;81(8):4558-4570. doi: 10.1002/ps.8824. Epub 2025 Apr 21.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) poses a significant threat to global agriculture, infecting economically vital crops such as tobacco, tomato, pepper, and potato. Previous studies have suggested that the Verticillium dahliae Aspf2-like protein (VDAL) enhances plant resistance to TMV. This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of VDAL, with and without microelements, on TMV resistance by analyzing plant hormone levels, defense related enzyme activities, and transcriptomic responses.
Plants were subjected to six experimental treatments: CK0 (untreated control, no TMV or VDAL treatment), CK (TMV inoculated control), T1 (preventive VDAL treatment), T2 (preventive VDAL + microelements), CT1 (therapeutic VDAL treatment), and CT2 (therapeutic VDAL + microelements). TMV inoculation (CK) significantly increased (P < 0.05) TMV content, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) levels, and activities of defense related enzymes, including benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase (BA2H), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to CK0. Both preventive treatments (T1 and T2) effectively reduced TMV content and enhanced JA, SA, and defense related enzyme activities. Notably, the microelement-supplemented preventive treatment (T2) showed 37.73% greater reduction in TMV content compared to T1. Similarly, the therapeutic applications, CT2 reduced the TMV content by 32.50% than CT1. Treatments T2 and CT2 also increased the contents of JA by 5.48% and 2.88%, respectively compared to their respective controls. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that these treatments activated plant-pathogen interaction pathways and pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), with significant upregulation of key defense related genes (e.g., CALM, BAK1, PTI6, and WRKY33), indicating a robust antiviral defense response.
Overall, we conclude that the synergistic application of VDAL and microelements significantly enhances plant resistance to TMV through coordinated activation of phytohormone signaling, defense enzymes, and immune-related gene expression. This combined approach offers an effective, eco-friendly alternative for sustainable management of viral diseases in agricultural crops. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
烟草花叶病毒（TMV）对全球农业构成重大威胁，可感染烟草、番茄、辣椒和马铃薯等经济上至关重要的作物。先前的研究表明，大丽轮枝菌Aspf2样蛋白（VDAL）可增强植物对TMV的抗性。本研究通过分析植物激素水平、防御相关酶活性和转录组反应，研究了添加和不添加微量元素的VDAL对TMV抗性的预防和治疗作用。
对植物进行了六种实验处理：CK0（未处理对照，未进行TMV或VDAL处理）、CK（接种TMV的对照）、T1（预防性VDAL处理）、T2（预防性VDAL + 微量元素）、CT1（治疗性VDAL处理）和CT2（治疗性VDAL + 微量元素）。与CK0相比，接种TMV（CK）显著增加（P < 0.05）了TMV含量、茉莉酸（JA）、水杨酸（SA）水平以及防御相关酶的活性，包括苯甲酸2-羟化酶（BA2H）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。两种预防性处理（T1和T2）均有效降低了TMV含量，并增强了JA、SA和防御相关酶的活性。值得注意的是，添加微量元素的预防性处理（T2）相比T1，TMV含量降低了37.73%。同样，治疗性应用中，CT2相比CT1，TMV含量降低了32.50%。处理T2和CT2相比各自对照，JA含量也分别增加了5.48%和2.88%。转录组分析表明，这些处理激活了植物-病原体相互作用途径和病原体相关分子模式触发的免疫（PTI），关键防御相关基因（如CALM、BAK1、PTI6和WRKY33）显著上调，表明存在强大的抗病毒防御反应。
总体而言，我们得出结论，VDAL和微量元素的协同应用通过协调激活植物激素信号传导、防御酶和免疫相关基因表达，显著增强了植物对TMV的抗性。这种联合方法为农业作物病毒病的可持续管理提供了一种有效、环保的替代方案。© 2025化学工业协会。
