Duan Junfang, Zhang Yan, Yuan Dajiang, Wang Xiaoru, Peng Jian, Wang Junli, Liang Xiaojuan, Xu Chenli
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2025 Apr 14;18:5077-5086. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S511464. eCollection 2025.
To establish an animal model of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) and investigate inflammatory factor changes to determine the time frame for IAD onset.
Twenty-eight male SPF mice were randomly assigned to four groups. Gauze soaked in synthetic fecal solution was applied to the dorsal and ear skin. Based on exposure duration, the groups were designated as the normal, 0.5h, 2h, and 4h groups. At the end of the experiment, IAD severity was assessed, and ear edge thickness was measured. Blood was collected via the eyeball, and IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of dorsal skin samples was performed to analyze early pathological changes.
No moderate to severe IAD was observed in any group. However, ear edge thickness increased significantly after 0.5h. Mild inflammatory cell infiltration was noted in the 0.5h group, with more severe infiltration in the 2h and 4h groups. Inflammatory factor levels were higher in the 0.5h, 2h, and 4h groups than in the normal group.
The IAD model established using synthetic fecal exposure effectively facilitates mechanistic research. Skin tissue became loose and edematous, with a significant increase in inflammatory factors within 0.5h. These findings suggest that fecal contamination should be removed within 0.5h to prevent skin damage. Additionally, IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α are promising biomarkers for IAD-associated skin injury.
建立失禁相关性皮炎（IAD）动物模型，研究炎症因子变化，以确定IAD发病的时间框架。
将28只雄性SPF小鼠随机分为四组。将浸泡在合成粪便溶液中的纱布敷于背部和耳部皮肤。根据暴露时间，将各组分为正常组、0.5小时组、2小时组和4小时组。实验结束时，评估IAD严重程度，测量耳缘厚度。通过眼球采血，采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测白细胞介素-1α（IL-1α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。对背部皮肤样本进行苏木精-伊红染色，分析早期病理变化。
各组均未观察到中度至重度IAD。然而，0.5小时后耳缘厚度显著增加。0.5小时组可见轻度炎性细胞浸润，2小时组和4小时组浸润更严重。0.5小时组、2小时组和4小时组的炎症因子水平高于正常组。
采用合成粪便暴露建立的IAD模型有效地促进了机制研究。皮肤组织在0.5小时内变得松弛水肿，炎症因子显著增加。这些发现表明，应在0.5小时内清除粪便污染以防止皮肤损伤。此外，IL-1α、IL-6和TNF-α是IAD相关皮肤损伤有前景的生物标志物。
