Zhi Jinhu, Bai Xinlu, Wang Qunyan, Wang Tongtong, Verma Yaksha, Sharma Gaurav, Kumar Amit, Dhiman Pooja
College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production for Specialty Crops in Arid Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Corps, Alar 843300, PR China; Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, PR China.
Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovation Research, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May;310(Pt 3):143350. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143350. Epub 2025 Apr 19.
This review explores advancing and refining hydrogels derived from natural gums for heavy metal ion adsorption, focusing on their efficiency, capacity, and influencing parameters. The high adsorption capacity of these hydrogels, with values reaching up to 384.6 mg/g (Pb) and 203.7 mg/g (Cu), is linked to functional moieties like -COOH and -OH, which bind to metal ions through electrostatic interactions, exchange of ions, and coordination mechanisms. Adsorption efficiency is governed by conditions such as duration of contact, temperature, and pH. Temperature studies imply that adsorption occurs through an endothermic mechanism, with positive ΔH values and negative ΔG values, validating the spontaneity and efficiency of the process. Adsorption isotherms, including Langmuir and Freundlich models, have shown promising fits, with a high correlation coefficient (r > 0.9). The kinetic study reveals that the adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, implying a chemisorption mechanism. The occurrence of interfering ions (e.g., Na, Ca) can reduce adsorption efficiency, but their impact is minimal at lower concentrations. Overall, gum-based hydrogels provide an eco-conscious and reliable approach for metal ion removal in aqueous solutions, showing potential for large-scale environmental applications. Further studies focusing on improving adsorption capacity and scalability are recommended to enhance their practical utility in wastewater treatment.
本综述探讨了用于重金属离子吸附的天然胶基水凝胶的进展与优化，重点关注其效率、容量及影响参数。这些水凝胶具有高达384.6mg/g（铅）和203.7mg/g（铜）的高吸附容量，这与诸如-COOH和-OH等功能基团有关，这些基团通过静电相互作用、离子交换和配位机制与金属离子结合。吸附效率受接触时间、温度和pH值等条件的影响。温度研究表明，吸附通过吸热机制发生，具有正的ΔH值和负的ΔG值，证实了该过程的自发性和效率。包括朗缪尔和弗伦德利希模型在内的吸附等温线显示出良好的拟合效果，相关系数较高（r>0.9）。动力学研究表明，吸附遵循准二级动力学，这意味着存在化学吸附机制。干扰离子（如钠、钙）的存在会降低吸附效率，但在较低浓度下其影响最小。总体而言，基于天然胶的水凝胶为水溶液中金属离子的去除提供了一种具有生态意识且可靠的方法，在大规模环境应用中显示出潜力。建议进一步开展侧重于提高吸附容量和可扩展性的研究，以增强其在废水处理中的实际应用价值。
