Flores-Valle Andres, Vishniakou Ivan, Seelig Johannes D
Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar (MPINB), Bonn, Germany.
Nat Neurosci. 2025 Apr 21. doi: 10.1038/s41593-025-01942-1.
Homeostatic processes, including sleep, are critical for brain function. Here we identify astrocyte-like glia (or astrocytes, AL) and ensheathing glia (EG), the two major classes of glia that arborize inside the brain, as brain-wide, locally acting homeostats for the short, naturally occurring rest and sleep bouts of Drosophila, and show that a subset of neurons in the fan-shaped body encodes feeding homeostasis. We show that the metabolic gas carbon dioxide, changes in pH and behavioral activity all induce long-lasting calcium responses in EG and AL, and that calcium levels in both glia types show circadian modulation. The homeostatic dynamics of these glia can be modeled based on behavior. Additionally, local optogenetic activation of AL or EG is sufficient to induce rest. Together, these results suggest that glial calcium levels are homeostatic controllers of metabolic activity, thus establishing a link between metabolism, rest and sleep.
包括睡眠在内的体内平衡过程对大脑功能至关重要。在这里，我们确定了星形胶质样神经胶质细胞（或星形胶质细胞，AL）和包被神经胶质细胞（EG），这是两类主要的在脑内形成分支的神经胶质细胞，它们是果蝇自然发生的短暂休息和睡眠周期的全脑局部作用的体内平衡调节者，并表明扇形体内的一部分神经元编码进食体内平衡。我们发现代谢气体二氧化碳、pH值变化和行为活动都会在EG和AL中诱导持久的钙反应，并且这两种神经胶质细胞类型中的钙水平都表现出昼夜节律调节。这些神经胶质细胞的体内平衡动态可以根据行为进行建模。此外，局部光遗传学激活AL或EG足以诱导休息。总之，这些结果表明神经胶质细胞的钙水平是代谢活动的体内平衡控制器，从而在代谢、休息和睡眠之间建立了联系。
