Yoneshiro Takeshi, Matsushita Mami, Sakai Juro, Saito Masayuki
Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980 - 8575, Japan.
Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065 - 0013, Japan.
J Physiol Anthropol. 2025 Apr 21;44(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s40101-025-00391-w.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a site of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in mammals. Since the rediscovery of BAT in adult humans, there has been a remarkable advance in human BAT researches, revealing the significant roles of this thermogenic tissue in cold-induced NST and cold adaptation. Cold stress influences BAT in various time spans: acute cold exposure promptly activates BAT to induce NST, which contributes to immediate maintenance of body temperature. Prolonged cold exposure recruits BAT, resulting in increased capacity of NST and improved cold tolerance. Such BAT adaptation not only occurs in the exposed individual but also is passed on to the next generation, probably via the paternal lineage. As such, BAT plays a role in acute, chronic, and transgenerational adaptation to cold environment in humans.
棕色脂肪组织（BAT）是哺乳动物非颤抖性产热（NST）的场所。自成年人体内重新发现BAT以来，人类BAT研究取得了显著进展，揭示了这种产热组织在冷诱导NST和冷适应中的重要作用。冷应激在不同时间跨度影响BAT：急性冷暴露迅速激活BAT以诱导NST，这有助于即时维持体温。长时间冷暴露会募集BAT，导致NST能力增强和耐寒性提高。这种BAT适应不仅发生在暴露个体中，还可能通过父系遗传传递给下一代。因此，BAT在人类对寒冷环境的急性、慢性和跨代适应中发挥作用。
