RETRACTION: Effect of growth factors and steroids on transglutaminase activity and expression in primary astroglial cell cultures.

A. Campisi, V. Bramanti, D. Caccamo, G. Li Volti, G. Cannavò, M. Currò, G. Raciti, F. Galvano, F. Amenta, A. Vanella, R. Ientile, R. Avola, "Effect of growth factors and steroids on transglutaminase activity and expression in primary astroglial cell cultures," Journal of Neuroscience Research 86, no. 6 (2008): 1297-1305, https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21579. The above article, published online on 26 November 2007 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Lawrence S. Sherman; and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Following publication, concerns were raised by a third party that portions of Figures 1 and 8 were duplicated and manipulated, and that portions of Figure 8 were duplicated from an earlier publication by this research group. Internal investigation confirmed these claims. The publisher attempted to contact the authors and request original data, but the authors did not respond. The retraction has been agreed because of concerns that the images were manipulated, affecting the interpretation of the data and results presented. The authors have been notified of the retraction.