Wang Kefeng, Zhang Man, Ren Jingxiao, Wei Wei, Nai Jianwei
Henan Engineering Center of New Energy Battery Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
Nanoscale. 2025 May 9;17(18):11275-11292. doi: 10.1039/d5nr00470e.
Compared to traditional energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the advantages of high energy density, good cycling performance, and low self-discharge rate. Therefore, LIBs have been widely used as the main energy storage devices in various industries. As the blood of the battery, the electrolyte plays a key role in ion transport, formation of the interface layer, protection of electrode materials, . The commonly investigated electrolytes include liquid electrolytes, gel electrolytes, and solid or quasi-solid electrolytes. Liquid electrolytes have higher ionic conductivity, which is more conducive to the transport of lithium ions. Therefore, batteries based on liquid electrolytes often exhibit better electrochemical performance. In a liquid electrolyte, the additive is also an indispensable component to ensure the high efficiency of the electrolyte, which plays an important role in regulating the solvation structure of lithium ions, the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface layer, improving the safety performance of batteries, and maintaining operability under extreme conditions (such as low temperature). Unlike previous reviews that focused on small molecule additives, this review herein mainly reviews the application of polymer additives in liquid lithium batteries. Firstly, the functional mechanisms of different types of additives in liquid electrolytesfor lithium batteries are outlined and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of additives are summarized. Then, the research progress of polymers as additives in liquid lithium batteries in recent years is discussed in detail. According to the role of additives, the involved polymer additives are divided into five categories: molecular crowding agents, film-forming agents, HF scavengers, antifreeze agents, and flame retardants. A detailed explanation of the mechanisms related to the efficacy of polymers as additives is also provided. Finally, we present some perspectives on the limitations and future development trends of polymers as additives in liquid lithium batteries and other devices.
与传统储能装置相比，锂离子电池具有能量密度高、循环性能好和自放电率低等优点。因此，锂离子电池已被广泛用作各行业的主要储能装置。电解质作为电池的“血液”，在离子传输、界面层形成、电极材料保护等方面起着关键作用。常见的电解质包括液体电解质、凝胶电解质以及固体或准固体电解质。液体电解质具有较高的离子电导率，更有利于锂离子的传输。因此，基于液体电解质的电池通常表现出更好的电化学性能。在液体电解质中，添加剂也是确保电解质高效运行不可或缺的成分，它在调节锂离子的溶剂化结构、形成固体电解质界面层、提高电池安全性能以及在极端条件（如低温）下保持可操作性方面发挥着重要作用。与以往侧重于小分子添加剂的综述不同，本文主要综述聚合物添加剂在液体锂电池中的应用。首先，概述了不同类型添加剂在锂电池液体电解质中的作用机制，并总结了不同类型添加剂的优缺点。然后，详细讨论了近年来聚合物作为添加剂在液体锂电池中的研究进展。根据添加剂的作用，所涉及的聚合物添加剂分为五类：分子拥挤剂、成膜剂、氢氟酸清除剂、抗冻剂和阻燃剂。还对聚合物作为添加剂的功效相关机制进行了详细解释。最后，我们对聚合物作为液体锂电池及其他装置添加剂的局限性和未来发展趋势提出了一些看法。
