The functional connectivity between the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex underlies the association between future self-continuity and self-control.

Future self-continuity refers to the perceived degree of similarity between one's present self and future self. Self-control refers to the ability to regulate and control inappropriate behaviors, enabling individuals to suppress immediate reactions that are inconsistent with long-term goals. Previous studies demonstrated a positive correlation between future self-continuity and self-control, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To address this question, we integrated behavioral assessments with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mediation modeling to investigate this relationship. Behavioral results confirmed a positive correlation between the two variables. Furthermore, neuroimaging results revealed that right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (R-rACC) to right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-dlPFC) functional connectivity correlated with future self-continuity and mediated its relationship with self-control. These findings suggest that the functional connectivity between the R-rACC and the R-dlPFC may constitute the neural basis of the relationship between future self-continuity and self-control while offering a mechanistic framework to advance understanding of their interrelationship.