Shakeel Adnan, Noor Jewel Jameeta, Jan Uzma, Gul Aabida, Handoo Zafar, Ashraf Nasheeman
Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Br. Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Mar 10;14(6):861. doi: 10.3390/plants14060861.
Plants are exposed to a diverse range of biotic stressors, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, insects and viruses. To combat these enemies, plants have developed an arsenal of defense mechanisms over time, among which secondary metabolites are the most effective. Moreover, to overcome the negative impact of chemical pesticides, the plant's secondary metabolites can be harnessed to develop novel disease management strategies. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and essential oils are major pathogen/pest-responsive secondary metabolite classes in plants. Among these, saponins have shown significant potential in suppressing a wide range of plant pathogens. However, they are yet to be explored thoroughly compared to other secondary metabolites in plant defense, and therefore, a low number of disease control agents exist in agri-markets based on saponins. Thus, this review aims to rectify this bias by identifying and acknowledging the significance of saponins as being on par with other classes of secondary metabolites in plant defense systems. It also provides the first holistic review on the role of saponins with known mechanisms against all of the major plant pathogens/pests. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential of saponin-rich crops in providing eco-friendly pest/pathogen management products for integrated pest management (IPM) and prospectives on the potential of saponin derivatives in developing novel biocides for sustainable agriculture.
植物会受到多种生物胁迫因子的影响,包括真菌、细菌、线虫、昆虫和病毒。随着时间的推移,为了对抗这些敌人,植物已经形成了一系列防御机制,其中次生代谢产物是最有效的。此外,为了克服化学农药的负面影响,可以利用植物的次生代谢产物来开发新的病害管理策略。生物碱、黄酮类化合物、萜类化合物和精油是植物中主要的对病原体/害虫有反应的次生代谢产物类别。其中,皂苷在抑制多种植物病原体方面显示出巨大潜力。然而,与植物防御中的其他次生代谢产物相比,它们尚未得到充分研究,因此,农业市场上基于皂苷的病害防治剂数量较少。因此,本综述旨在通过识别和认可皂苷在植物防御系统中与其他次生代谢产物类别的同等重要性来纠正这种偏见。它还首次全面综述了皂苷对所有主要植物病原体/害虫的已知作用机制。此外,本综述讨论了富含皂苷的作物在为综合害虫管理(IPM)提供生态友好型害虫/病原体管理产品方面的潜力,以及皂苷衍生物在开发可持续农业新型生物杀虫剂方面的潜力。