Aceto M D, Flora R E, Harris L S
Pharmacology. 1977;15(1):1-9. doi: 10.1159/000136657.
A randomized and blind experimental design was used to study the effects of naloxone and nalorphine on the development of morphine dependence in monkeys. The results suggest: (a) that significant dose-related differences existed for combined numbers of withdrawal symptoms times frequency of occurrences; (b) that naloxone and nalorphine were qualitatively similar; (c) antagonists are more effective as dependence develops; (d) naloxone is approximately 10 times more potent than nalorphine, and (e) vomiting was the only withdrawal sign with which ED50s could be calculated. Dependence on morphine still increases up to 9 months after the commonly accepted 90-day stabilization period as measured by the ED50 for vomiting for naloxone.
采用随机双盲实验设计研究纳洛酮和烯丙吗啡对猴子吗啡依赖形成的影响。结果表明：（a）戒断症状总数乘以出现频率存在显著的剂量相关差异；（b）纳洛酮和烯丙吗啡在性质上相似；（c）随着依赖的发展，拮抗剂更有效；（d）纳洛酮的效力约为烯丙吗啡的10倍；（e）呕吐是唯一可计算半数有效剂量（ED50）的戒断体征。以纳洛酮所致呕吐的ED50衡量，吗啡依赖在通常公认的90天稳定期后仍会持续增加长达9个月。
