Martín-Vega Daniel, Hall Martin J R, Antony Asha, Clark Brett, Barigye Robert, Mohammed Temesgen, Hamdan Layaly, Gajic Bojan
Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain; Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
Vet Parasitol. 2025 Jul;337:110476. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110476. Epub 2025 Apr 18.
Larvae of the camel nasal bot fly, Cephalopina titillator (Diptera: Oestridae), cause nasopharyngeal myiasis in camels. This myiasis can be severe, even fatal. Here, the morphology of the main organs of second (L2) and third (L3) instar larvae and of the intra-puparial forms are described, using a combination of micro-computed tomography supported by routine histology. For this, L2 and L3 larvae were collected from the heads of slaughtered camels and were either killed and preserved or allowed to pupariate. Pupariated specimens were killed at intervals and larvae and puparia were prepared for micro-CT scanning. Additionally, freshly collected larval specimens were fixed, stained and examined by light microscopy. The most distinctive internal larval structures were the digestive organs, occupying almost 5 % of the internal larval volume. The larval salivary glands were enlarged, with a similar relative volume to other Oestrinae, but they were shorter and did not unite posteriorly in a "glandular band". The distal region of the Malpighian tubules was also enlarged as in other Oestrinae, but to a lesser degree. The intra-puparial forms showed a gradual reduction of the digestive tract, reflecting the non-feeding behaviour of adults, yet had highly developed reproductive organs facilitating mating soon after eclosion. The morphological and physiological adaptations to parasitism are discussed.
骆驼鼻狂蝇（Cephalopina titillator，双翅目：狂蝇科）的幼虫会引起骆驼的鼻咽蝇蛆病。这种蝇蛆病可能很严重，甚至会致命。在此，结合常规组织学支持的显微计算机断层扫描技术，描述了第二龄（L2）和第三龄（L3）幼虫以及蛹内形态下主要器官的形态。为此，从屠宰骆驼的头部收集L2和L3幼虫，将其杀死并保存，或使其化蛹。对化蛹的标本定期处死，并对幼虫和蛹进行显微CT扫描准备。此外，对新鲜采集的幼虫标本进行固定、染色并通过光学显微镜检查。幼虫最显著的内部结构是消化器官，几乎占幼虫内部体积的5%。幼虫的唾液腺肿大，相对体积与其他狂蝇亚科相似，但较短，且在后部不合并形成“腺带”。马氏管的远端区域也如其他狂蝇亚科一样肿大，但程度较轻。蛹内形态显示消化道逐渐退化，这反映了成虫不进食的行为，但其生殖器官高度发达，便于羽化后不久交配。文中还讨论了对寄生生活的形态和生理适应性。
