Assessment of urban rail transit network passenger-centered resilience under hazards: A dynamic resilience assessment framework.

Urban rail transit (URT) is vulnerable to cascading failures from disasters due to their complexity. In modern society, we should pay more attention to the experience of passengers and enhance the quality of service in URT. This paper develops a model using dynamic indicators to assess the disaster resilience of URT. It presents a novel passenger-centered resilience assessment method that reflects dynamic passenger flow demand indicators. A cascading failure model under Geometric Attack Model was established to simulate the route choice of passengers before and after cascading failure. This paper collected data on the Beijing subway, analyzed the features of dynamic passenger flow resilience indicators, and assessed the disaster resilience of the Beijing subway. Results show: (1) generalized travel time costs and transfer times for passengers increase after cascading failures, indicating reduced system resilience; and (2) two indicators are at moderately low resilience levels. This shows that passenger travel routes become more complicated after station failure, and the network's ability to restore service and maintain service quality in the aftermath of unexpected events needs improvement. The paper suggests improving disaster resistance by adding redundant lines and other measures and also discusses adjusting assessment strategies based on the unique characteristics of different cities. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the model, and based on this, guiding suggestions were made for optimization strategies.