Meriç Mehmet Kamil
Ege University Bergama Vocational School, 35700, İzmir, Türkiye.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 23;15(1):14157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97303-w.
Water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices pose significant challenges to modern agriculture, particularly in semi-arid regions. Traditional irrigation methods often lead to excessive water consumption and uneven water distribution, reducing overall efficiency and sustainability. Effective water management in irrigated agriculture is crucial for maintaining high crop productivity and alleviating water scarcity. To improve water management techniques, the integration of drip irrigation systems with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) was investigated herein. In the proposed system, valve control and soil moisture monitoring nodes were added to obtain real-time data on irrigation water volume (IWV), flowrate, pipe inlet pressure, and soil moisture within the WSN. The hardware and software designs of the soil moisture monitoring and valve control nodes were created, including the selection of components, specific functionalities of software algorithms, and communication protocols used for data transmission. A field test was performed in an olive orchard to assess the performance of the proposed system during the irrigation season. The results showed that soil moisture content varied between 42.0% and 24.4%, 44.6% and 25.9%, and 46.7% and 30.2% at different depths, validating the system's capability to optimize irrigation scheduling. The system's automated valve control capability enabled the precise application of irrigation water volume of 2,209 m throughout the irrigation season. Flowrate stabilization at approximately 2.8 m/h and real-time pressure monitoring enabled early detection of anomalies such as clogging or low water supply, enhancing irrigation efficiency. The results of this study highlight the potential of WSNs in improving water management practices for irrigation. By providing real-time data and remote-control capabilities, the integrated system offers a tool for optimizing water usage and conserving water resources.
水资源短缺和低效的灌溉方式给现代农业带来了巨大挑战，尤其是在半干旱地区。传统灌溉方法往往导致水资源过度消耗和分布不均，降低了整体效率和可持续性。灌溉农业中的有效水资源管理对于维持高作物产量和缓解水资源短缺至关重要。为了改进水资源管理技术，本文研究了滴灌系统与无线传感器网络（WSN）的集成。在所提出的系统中，增加了阀门控制和土壤湿度监测节点，以获取WSN内灌溉水量（IWV）、流量、管道入口压力和土壤湿度的实时数据。创建了土壤湿度监测和阀门控制节点的硬件和软件设计，包括组件选择、软件算法的特定功能以及用于数据传输的通信协议。在一个橄榄园进行了田间试验，以评估所提出系统在灌溉季节的性能。结果表明，在不同深度处，土壤湿度含量在42.0%至24.4%、44.6%至25.9%和46.7%至30.2%之间变化，验证了该系统优化灌溉调度的能力。该系统的自动阀门控制能力使得在整个灌溉季节能够精确施用2209立方米的灌溉水。流量稳定在约2.8米/小时，实时压力监测能够早期检测到堵塞或供水不足等异常情况，提高了灌溉效率。本研究结果突出了WSN在改善灌溉水资源管理实践方面的潜力。通过提供实时数据和远程控制能力，集成系统为优化水资源利用和节约水资源提供了一种工具。
