Low Chen Ee, Chew Nicole Shi Min, Rana Sounak, Loke Sean, Chin Run Ting, Kao Shih Ling, Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin, Tay Sen Hee
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 9;16:1505324. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1505324. eCollection 2025.
The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is set to rise annually with long-term implications on the quality-of-life. Supplementation with vitamins has garnered interest in recent years due to its association with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1DM. This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between vitamins supplementation on the development of IA or T1DM or progression of IA to T1DM.
This PRISMA-adherent systematic review involved a systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane for all studies that evaluated the odds (pre-calculated pooled OR) and risk (RR) of IA, T1DM, or progression of IA to T1DM after supplementation with vitamins. Random effects meta-analyses were used for primary analysis.
15 studies were included. Meta-analyses observed that vitamin D did not modify the odds of developing T1DM (Pooled OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.22-1.38) or IA (Pooled OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.67-1.25). The relative risk of developing T1DM was almost significant (RR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.41-1.06), emphasizing the need to conduct further large-scale cohort studies. Systematic review revealed that vitamin B supplementation did not influence the risk of T1DM and progression of IA to T1DM. Additionally, there was an association between higher maternal education levels and higher levels of vitamin D supplementation in their offspring.
In conclusion, we found no significant benefit with the use of various vitamins in modifying the risk of developing IA, T1DM or progression of IA to T1DM. Our study provides a foundation for future research by contributing to the evolving landscape of nutritional immunology.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024540524.
1型糖尿病（T1DM）的患病率呈逐年上升趋势，对生活质量有长期影响。近年来，维生素补充因其与胰岛自身免疫（IA）和T1DM发生的关联而受到关注。本系统评价旨在研究维生素补充与IA或T1DM发生或IA进展为T1DM之间的关系。
本遵循PRISMA的系统评价对PubMed、Embase和Cochrane进行了系统检索，以查找所有评估维生素补充后IA、T1DM或IA进展为T1DM的比值（预先计算的合并比值比）和风险（风险比）的研究。采用随机效应荟萃分析进行初步分析。
纳入15项研究。荟萃分析观察到，维生素D并未改变发生T1DM的比值（合并比值比=0.55，95%置信区间：0.22-1.38）或IA的比值（合并比值比=0.91，95%置信区间：0.67-1.25）。发生T1DM的相对风险几乎具有统计学意义（风险比=0.66，95%置信区间：0.41-1.06），这强调了开展进一步大规模队列研究的必要性。系统评价显示，补充维生素B不会影响T1DM风险以及IA进展为T1DM的情况。此外，母亲教育水平较高与后代维生素D补充水平较高之间存在关联。
总之，我们发现使用各种维生素在改变IA、T1DM发生风险或IA进展为T1DM方面没有显著益处。我们的研究通过为营养免疫学不断发展的领域做出贡献，为未来研究奠定了基础。
