Askouni Paraskevi D, Kapsalis Panagiotis, Papanicolaou Catherine G, Triantafillou Thanasis C
Service of Modern Monuments and Technical Works of Western Greece, Peloponnese and Southern Ionian Sea, Ministry of Culture, 26223 Patras, Greece.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Mar 28;18(7):1517. doi: 10.3390/ma18071517.
Textile-reinforced alkali-activated mortar (TRAAM) is a composite material that is characterized by a strain- or deflection-hardening response under tension or flexure, respectively, as well as by a good bond with concrete and masonry substrates. Owing to comparable or even superior mechanical performance compared to "conventional" cement- or lime-based textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) systems and its potentially eco-friendly energy and environmental performance, TRAAM has been incorporated to retrofitting schemes. The current article reviews the studies that investigate TRAAM as a strengthening overlay for masonry and concrete members. This article focuses on the mechanical performance of the strengthened members, which, where possible, is also compared with that of members strengthened with conventional TRM systems. It is concluded that TRAAM can enhance the flexural and shear capacity of masonry and concrete members, while it can also upgrade the compression strength and seismic response of concrete members. In addition, it is concluded that the effectiveness of TRAAM can be comparable with that of "conventional" TRM systems. The combination of TRAAM with thermal insulation boards has also been proposed for structural and energy upgrading of masonry walls. Furthermore, TRAAM can be a promising solution for increasing the fire resistance of strengthened masonry members. However, research on the long-term performance of TRAAM, including durability, creep, and shrinkage, is still limited. Finally, the lack of established standards for TRM retrofitting is more evident for TRAAM applications.
纺织增强碱激发砂浆（TRAAM）是一种复合材料，其特点是在拉伸或弯曲时分别具有应变硬化或挠度硬化响应，并且与混凝土和砌体基材具有良好的粘结性。由于与“传统”水泥基或石灰基纺织增强砂浆（TRM）系统相比具有相当甚至更优的力学性能，以及其潜在的环保能源和环境性能，TRAAM已被纳入改造方案。本文综述了将TRAAM作为砌体和混凝土构件增强覆盖层的研究。本文重点关注增强构件的力学性能，并在可能的情况下将其与用传统TRM系统增强的构件的力学性能进行比较。得出的结论是，TRAAM可以提高砌体和混凝土构件的抗弯和抗剪能力，同时还可以提高混凝土构件的抗压强度和地震响应。此外，得出的结论是，TRAAM的有效性与“传统”TRM系统相当。还提出了将TRAAM与保温板结合用于砌体墙的结构和能源升级。此外，TRAAM可能是提高增强砌体构件耐火性的一个有前途的解决方案。然而，关于TRAAM长期性能的研究，包括耐久性、徐变和收缩，仍然有限。最后，对于TRAAM应用来说，TRM改造缺乏既定标准的情况更为明显。
