Gabarayeva Nina I
Komarov Botanical Institute, Popov st. 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Protoplasma. 2025 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s00709-025-02053-1.
This special mini-review was planned as a synthesis of current understanding of the role of tapetum and orbicules, of the knowledge on pollenkitt, with addition of our own data on experimental orbicule simulation. The aim was to show the development of knowledge and ideas through time. Tapetum types are so changeable that the idea of norm becomes ghostly. The review is based on our own and other authors' results. Cyclic-invasive tapeta, surprising exine-like tapetal surface, direct connections of tapetum with microspores via filaments are probably not rare phenomena. Our in vitro experiments on microspore exine simulations, which have led also to appearance of orbicule-like structures, support the view of their by-product nature, based on self-assembly. Different types of orbicules and their development are examined. Tapetum and orbicule functions and especially pollenkitt production are reviewed, together with the data on sporopollenin. Some concise data on molecular and genetic studies are added.
这篇特别的小型综述旨在综合当前对绒毡层和小孢子周壁作用的理解、有关花粉外壁含油层的知识，并补充我们自己关于实验性小孢子周壁模拟的数据。目的是展示知识和观点随时间的发展。绒毡层类型变化多端，以至于规范的概念变得虚幻。该综述基于我们自己以及其他作者的研究结果。周期性侵入的绒毡层、令人惊讶的类似外壁的绒毡层表面、绒毡层通过细丝与小孢子的直接连接可能并非罕见现象。我们关于小孢子外壁模拟的体外实验也导致了类似小孢子周壁结构的出现，基于自组装，这支持了它们作为副产物性质的观点。研究了不同类型的小孢子周壁及其发育过程。综述了绒毡层和小孢子周壁的功能，特别是花粉外壁含油层的产生，以及有关孢粉素的数据。还添加了一些关于分子和遗传研究的简要数据。
