Interest in developing new, effective materials for emergency hemostasis and wound healing is steadily increasing, particularly for use in emergency, surgical, and military situations. Hydrogels, with their unique retention, swelling, and biocompatibility properties, have emerged as essential materials in emergency therapy. This review provides a comprehensive examination of recent hydrogel applications in acute medical scenarios, including hemostasis, wound management, drug delivery, soft tissue replacement, and tissue engineering. We discuss the physicochemical properties that make hydrogels suitable for rapid response situations, such as their tunable mechanical strength, adhesiveness, responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and ability to encapsulate and release therapeutic agents. Additionally, the article explores recent advancements in smart hydrogels with self-healing and antimicrobial properties, providing insights into their potential to revolutionize emergency care and increase survival rates in both civilian and military applications. Through a critical evaluation of current clinical trials and practical deployments, this review highlights both the successes and the challenges faced in integrating hydrogels into emergency medical protocols, providing a roadmap for future research and development in this dynamic field.