Lin Yiping, Wang Kefan, Wang Zilu, Fang Xin, Wang Haomin, Li Nuo, Shi Cong, Shi Fuchen
College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Binshui West Road 399, Tianjin 300387, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Apr 16;11(4):316. doi: 10.3390/jof11040316.
The natural regeneration of plantations plays a pivotal role in rehabilitating ecosystem services in Northeast China's degraded forests. However, mechanistic linkages between soil aggregate nutrient fluxes and fungal community assembly remain poorly constrained. Combining space-for-time substitution with particle-size fractionation and high-throughput sequencing, this study examined successional trajectories across regeneration in Langxiang National Nature Reserve to resolve nutrient-fungal interplay during long-term forest restructuring. The results demonstrated that microaggregates (<0.25 mm) functioned as nutrient protection reservoirs, exhibiting significantly higher total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) contents and greater fungal diversity ( < 0.05). Both stand regeneration stage and aggregate size significantly influenced fungal community composition and structural organization ( < 0.05). Aggregate-mediated effects predominated in upper soil horizons, where fungal dominance progressively transitioned from Mortierellomycota to Ascomycota with increasing particle size. In contrast, lower soil layers exhibited regeneration-dependent dynamics: Basidiomycota abundance declined with reduction, followed by partial recovery through mycorrhizal reestablishment in broadleaf communities. Fungal co-occurrence networks displayed peak complexity during germination (Node 50, Edge 345), with 64.6%positive correlations, indicating the critical period for functional synergy. Basidiomycota showed significant negative correlations with nutrients and major fungal phyla (R = 0.89). This study confirms that natural vegetation regeneration reshapes belowground processes through litter inputs and mycorrhizal symbiosis, while microaggregate management enhances soil carbon sequestration. Near-natural plantation management should incorporate broadleaf species to preserve mycorrhizal diversity and amplify ecosystem services. These findings provide an essential soil ecological theoretical basis for sustainable plantation management in Northeast China.
人工林的自然更新在恢复中国东北退化森林的生态系统服务方面发挥着关键作用。然而，土壤团聚体养分通量与真菌群落组装之间的机制联系仍不太明确。本研究结合空间换时间替代法、粒径分级和高通量测序，研究了朗乡国家级自然保护区整个更新过程中的演替轨迹，以解决长期森林重建过程中的养分 - 真菌相互作用问题。结果表明，微团聚体（<0.25毫米）起到养分保护库的作用，其总碳（TC）和总氮（TN）含量显著更高，真菌多样性也更大（<0.05）。林分更新阶段和团聚体大小均显著影响真菌群落组成和结构组织（<0.05）。团聚体介导的影响在上层土壤中占主导地位，随着粒径增大，真菌优势类群从被孢霉门逐渐过渡到子囊菌门。相比之下，下层土壤表现出依赖更新的动态变化：担子菌门的丰度随着退化而下降，随后在阔叶林群落中通过菌根重新建立而部分恢复。真菌共现网络在种子萌发期间显示出最高的复杂性（节点50，边345），正相关占64.6%，表明这是功能协同的关键时期。担子菌门与养分和主要真菌门类呈显著负相关（R = 0.89）。本研究证实，自然植被更新通过凋落物输入和菌根共生重塑地下过程，而微团聚体管理可增强土壤碳固存。近自然人工林管理应纳入阔叶树种，以保护菌根多样性并增强生态系统服务。这些发现为中国东北人工林可持续管理提供了重要的土壤生态理论基础。
