Carlson Emily A, Best Lincoln, Melathopoulos Andony, Namin Saeed Mohamadzade, Sagili Ramesh
Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97033, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 25;15(1):14519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99244-w.
Understanding the distribution of pesticides in the floral landscape is critical for land managers and regulators, particularly since identifying where exposure occurs is critical to pesticide mitigation. In this study, we developed a bee-plant network for a commercial sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) system and the surrounding unmanaged floral habitat. We estimated the pesticide contamination of flowering plants in this network by trapping pollen from honey bee colonies, identifying the plant species of origin of the pollen, and relating this to the non-Apis bee visitation and toxicity of pesticide detections. Over 90 plant-bee interactions from non-Apis species were matched with honey bee collected pollen. By combining bee visitation and pollen data, we attributed the pesticide hazard to 33 plant genera. Unlike previous studies, we observed the greatest hazard to non-Apis bees did not come from visits to the crop or from pesticide drift off the orchard, but from contamination of an orchard understory plant (genus Taraxacum). The importance of this plant in pesticide exposure was related to both the hazard of the pollen and the frequency of visitation by non-Apis bees. Our findings caution against generalizing how non-Apis bee species become exposed to pesticides.
了解农药在花卉景观中的分布情况对于土地管理者和监管机构至关重要，特别是因为确定暴露发生的位置对于减轻农药危害至关重要。在本研究中，我们为一个商业甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）系统及其周围未管理的花卉栖息地构建了一个蜜蜂 - 植物网络。我们通过收集蜜蜂蜂群中的花粉、确定花粉的植物来源物种，并将其与非蜜蜂类蜜蜂的访花情况以及农药检测的毒性相关联，来估计该网络中开花植物的农药污染情况。超过90种来自非蜜蜂类物种的植物 - 蜜蜂相互作用与蜜蜂采集的花粉相匹配。通过结合蜜蜂访花和花粉数据，我们将农药危害归因于33个植物属。与以往研究不同的是，我们发现对非蜜蜂类蜜蜂危害最大的并非来自对作物的访花或果园农药漂移，而是来自果园下层植物（蒲公英属）的污染。这种植物在农药暴露中的重要性与花粉的危害性以及非蜜蜂类蜜蜂的访花频率都有关。我们的研究结果提醒人们，不要对非蜜蜂类蜜蜂接触农药的方式进行一概而论。
