Effects of α-Ketoglutarate Peripartum Supplementation on Reproductive, Lactational, Productive and Immunological Outcomes in Dairy Cows.

In dairy cow, the peripartum metabolic stage is critical as may affect post-partum metabolic and reproductive recovery, colostrum quality, and overall reproductive fitness. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying doses of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) on lactation performance, reproductive performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in periparturient dairy cows. A total of 180 periparturient dairy cows were randomly assigned to four groups, with each cow receiving 1 g, 5 g, or 10 g of AKG in their prepartum diets. Results indicated that feeding 5 g and 10 g of AKG significantly increased the colostrum fat and protein content, reduced somatic cell counts, and improved daily milk yield. Regarding reproduction, AKG supplementation regulated reproductive hormones, increased postpartum estrogen levels, improved conception rates, and shortened the interval between breeding periods. For immune and antioxidant functions, AKG significantly increased serum IL-10 levels while reducing TNF-α and interleukins 1β and 6. It also significantly elevated glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels, reducing oxidative stress and demonstrating anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, cows receiving medium-to-high doses of AKG had a significantly lower incidence of postpartum diseases such as mastitis. In conclusion, appropriate AKG supplementation can improve lactation performance, reproductive performance, immune function, and overall health in periparturient dairy cows, providing a theoretical basis for its use in dairy cow nutrition management.