College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Huanshan Group, Qingdao 266000, China.
Genes (Basel). 2023 May 26;14(6):1163. doi: 10.3390/genes14061163.
Lactation initiation refers to a functional change in the mammary organ from a non-lactating state to a lactating state, and a series of cytological changes in the mammary epithelium from a non-secreting state to a secreting state. Like the development of the mammary gland, it is regulated by many factors (including hormones, cytokines, signaling molecules, and proteases). In most non-pregnant animals, a certain degree of lactation also occurs after exposure to specific stimuli, promoting the development of their mammary glands. These specific stimuli can be divided into two categories: before and after parturition. The former inhibits lactation and decreases activity, and the latter promotes lactation and increases activity. Here we present a review of recent progress in research on the key factors of lactation initiation to provide a powerful rationale for the study of the lactation initiation process and mammary gland development.
泌乳启动是指乳腺器官从非泌乳状态向泌乳状态的功能转变，以及乳腺上皮从非分泌状态向分泌状态的一系列细胞学变化。与乳腺发育一样，它受到许多因素（包括激素、细胞因子、信号分子和蛋白酶）的调节。在大多数非妊娠动物中，暴露于特定刺激后也会发生一定程度的泌乳，从而促进其乳腺发育。这些特定的刺激可以分为两类：分娩前和分娩后。前者抑制泌乳并降低活性，后者促进泌乳并增加活性。在这里，我们回顾了泌乳启动关键因素研究的最新进展，为泌乳启动过程和乳腺发育的研究提供了有力的依据。
