It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had consequences for common mental disorders (CMDs). This scoping review aims to examine direct infection-related (e.g., severe COVID-19 illness), psychosocial (e.g., social isolation), and indirect outcomes (e.g., changes in incidence) that have been particularly discussed so far. A literature search for clinically diagnosed adult CMDs was conducted using Pubmed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo ( = 5325). After completion of the screening process, 26 included studies remained for extraction. None of the included studies reported post-pandemic data. The effects appeared to be particularly pronounced for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders in the first year of the pandemic. This was followed by a period of adjustment, during which rates of mental disease and its symptoms largely returned to pre-pandemic levels. Fluctuating rates of CMDs may have had COVID-related causes. Preventive temporary inpatient care could be a protective approach for those at risk or vulnerable, as well as establishing pandemic consultation and building resilience. A gap in the research is the lack of comparisons of CMD data before, during, and after the pandemic to distinguish transient disease rates from chronic disease requiring treatment.