John Harrie Toms, Thomas Treesa Clare, Chukwuebuka Ezenwa Collins, Ali Ali Bacar, Anass Reggani, Tefera Yididiya Yilma, Babu Bency, Negrut Nicoleta, Ferician Anca, Marian Paula
Department of Intensive Care, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Wrythe Ln, Sutton SM5 1AA, UK.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Piaţa 1 Decembrie 10, 410068 Oradea, Romania.
Microorganisms. 2025 Apr 20;13(4):948. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040948.
Trillions of microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining health and preventing disease in humans. Their presence influences daily life, habits, energy levels, and pathologies. The present narrative review synthesized recent studies of microbial diversity across organ systems. The composition of the microbiota regulates the intestinal barrier, modulates the immune response, influences metabolism, and produces essential compounds such as short-chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters. Dysbiosis is associated with numerous pathologies, including metabolic, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. The microbiota is key to maintaining physiological balance and reducing disease risk. Therapeutic interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and microbiome transplantation, offer promising perspectives in restoring microbial homeostasis and preventing chronic diseases.
数万亿微生物在维持人类健康和预防疾病方面发挥着关键作用。它们的存在影响着日常生活、习惯、能量水平和病理状态。本叙述性综述综合了近期关于各器官系统微生物多样性的研究。微生物群的组成调节肠道屏障、调节免疫反应、影响新陈代谢，并产生短链脂肪酸和神经递质等必需化合物。生态失调与多种病理状况相关，包括代谢性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病。微生物群是维持生理平衡和降低疾病风险的关键。益生菌、益生元、后生元以及微生物群移植等治疗干预措施，在恢复微生物稳态和预防慢性疾病方面提供了有前景的方向。
